Respiratory System Flashcards
What makes up the upper respiratory tract?
the nose, the nasal cavity, and the pharynx and associated structures
What makes up the lower respiratory tract?
the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs.
Define respiration
the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and cells.
What are the three basic steps of respiration?
- ventilation (breathing)
- external (pulmonary) respiration
- internal (tissue) respiration
What is the conducting system?
a series of cavities and tubes - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and terminal briochioles - that conduct air into the lungs
When talking about the functional divisions of the respiratory system what is the respiratory portion?
-the area where gas exchange occurs - respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
What type of cells make up the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with many goblet cells.
True or False: There are goblet cells in the olfactory region.
False. there are cilia but no goblet cells.
What kind of cells are in the nasopharynx?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What type of cells are in the oropharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
What type of cells are in the laryngopharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
In what region do you find the pharyngeal tonsils, the palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils?
pharyngeal tonsils = nasopharynx
palatine tonsils = post. oral cavity
lingual tonsils = oropharynx
What are the nasal conchae?
shelf-like projections lined with mucous membranes that extend from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
What does the nasal conchae divide?
They divide the nasal cavity into groove-like passageways called the superior, middle and inferior meatuses.
What is the function of the nasal conchae and meatuses?
to warm air; trap water molecules on exhalation (moistens)
What are the paranasal sinuses?
the frontal, the sphenoid, the maxillary, and the ethmoidal
What are nasal polyps?
outgrowths of the mucous membranes usually found around the openings of the paranasal sinuses
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal ducts?
to produce mucus and resonate sound and tears.
What is the function of the internal nose structures?
- to warm, moisten, and filter incoming air
- receive olfactory stimuli
- serve as a large, hollow resonating chamber to modify speech sounds
What type of cells are in the nasal cavity?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
What do the cells in the nasal cavity do?
- warm air due to high vascularity
- mucous moistens air and traps dust
- cilia move mucous towards pharynx
If you are a smoker, what function of the cells in the nasal cavity does not work?
the cilica do not function therefore smokers must cough to release mucus.
What is the pharynx?
a 5 inch muscular tube lined by a mucous membrane that extends from the internal nares to the cricoid cartilage
What are the functions of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx?
- passageway for food and air
- resonating chamber for speech production
- tonsil (lymphatic tissue) in the walls protects entryway into the body