Respiratory System Flashcards
The functional unit of the lung
Alveoli
Functions of respiratory system
Gas exchange Moves air in and out of alveoli Protects passageways from toxins Makes sound Gives olfactory sense
Nose
nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Upper respiratory system
Functions of upper respiratory system
Cleans air
Warms air
Moistens air
Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
Lower respiratory system
From entrance to bronchioles
Conducting portion
From bronchioles to alveoli
Respiratory portion
Lines the respiratory tract
Respiratory mucosa
Secretes mucous for lining
Lamina propina
Extensions that move mucous and filter air
Cilia
Nostrils
Nares
Division of the nostrils
Septum
Stores mucous to keep areas moist
Paranasal sinuses
Give sense of smell
Olfactory receptors
Cause air to sword as it enters to make more contact with he lining of the tract
Nasal conchae
Area above the soft plate
Nasopharynx
Soft palate to base of tongue
Oropharynx
Hyoid bone to epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
Made up of cartilage(hyaline)
Larynx
Opening in the larynx
Glottis
Upper front plate
Thyroid cartilage
Lower front plate
Cricoid cartilage
Flap that prevents food from entering the trachea
Epiglottis
Prevents food from entering the larynx
False vocal cords
Tissue that creates sound when it vibrates
True vocal cords
Process of creating sounds
Phonation
Windpipe
Flexible tube
5in long
Lined with mucous and cilia
Trachea
Splits once to right and the left
Primary bronchi
Area where primary bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter the lung
Hilus
Top of lung
Apex
Bottom of lung
Base
Primary bronchi and all the branches of it
Bronchial tree
Intrapulmonary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
No cartilage
Bronchioles
Contain smooth muscles
Terminal bronchioles
Bronchoconstriction (smaller)
Parasympathetic
Bronchodialation (bigger)
Sympathetic
Small segments of the lung and the blood vessels that supply them
Pulmonary lobules
Tissue that covers the surface of the lungs
Visceral pleura
Thin branches that bring air to the surface of the lungs
Respiratory bronchioles
Remove dust particles from alveoli
Alveolar macrophages
Create surfactant that keeps the walls from sticking together
Septal cells
Lack of surfactant
Respiratory distress syndrome
Thin layer that separates the air from the blood cells
Respiratory membranes
Why does air travel from Alveoli to blood rapidly
Short distance
Oxygen and CO2 are lipid soluble
Carries low oxygen blood to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Takes high oxygen blood
Pulmonary vein
Diaphragm up
Thoracic cavity
Around each lung
Pleural cavity
Area between pleural cavities
Mediastinum
Wall of the chest
Parietal pleura
On surface of the lungs
Visceral pleura
Lubricates the surface of the lungs
Peural fluid
Exchanging gases between the air and the lungs
External respiration
Exchanging gases between the blood and the cells
Internal respiration
Low oxygen levels
Hypoxia
Complete loss of oxygen
Anoxia/apoxia
Decrease in volume increase in pressure lungs contract air out
Boyles law
Pressure of surrounding air
Atmospheric pressure
Pressure in the respiratory tract
Intrapulmonary pressure
Air in, chest out, diaphragm down
Inspiration
Air out, chest in, diaphragm up
Expiration
Ability of lungs to collapse
Compliance
1 inhalation and 1 exhalation
Respiratory cycle
Amount of air that moves in out of the lungs in one respiratory cycle
Tidal volume
Ability of the diaphragm and rib cage to vestum to its resting position
Elastic rebound
of breaths per minute
Respiratory rate
Area from entrance to alveoli
Anatomical dead space
Air that reaches the alveoli
Alveolar ventilation
Amount of air in and out at rest
Resting tidal volume
Max amount of air we can force out completely
Expiratory reserve volume
Amount of air remaining after forced exhalation
Residual volume
Amount of air in lungs when they collapse
Minimum volume
Max breath in
Inspiratory reserve volume
Total amount of air in and out in one breath
Vital capacity
Max air contracted in Lungs
Total lung capacity
Cerebral cortex and cerebellum
Voluntary respiration
Medulla oblongata and pons
Involuntary respiration
factors that affect respiration
Chemoreceptors Blood pressure Lung stretch receptors Irritation Pain
Aging and respiratory system
Lose elasticity
Gradual emphazyma
Arthritis in rib cage
Use of oxygen to breakdown glucose to create energy
Aerobic metabolism
