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KIN 191 - Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Which law governs pressure changes in ventilation?

A

Boyle’s law

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2
Q

This occurs when alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure

A

Inhalation

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3
Q

2 muscles groups that contract to trigger inhalation

A
  • Diaphragm

- External intercostals

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4
Q

3 accessory muscles used during forceful inhalation

A
  • Sternocleidomastoids
  • Scalenes
  • Pectoralis minor
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5
Q

2 muscle groups involved in forceful exhalation

A
  • Internal intercostals

- Abdominals

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6
Q

This decreases the effect of surface tensions exerted by alveolar fluid

A

Surfactant

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7
Q

The ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can expand

A

Compliance

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8
Q

Another name for normal quiet breathing

A

Eupnea

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9
Q

Lung volumes and rate of respiration are measured with a…

A

Spirometer

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10
Q

6 things measure by spirometry

A
  • Tidal volume
  • Minute ventilation
  • Alveolar ventilation rate
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • FEV1.0 (forced expiratory volume)
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11
Q

5 types of lung capacities

A
  • Inspiratory
  • Functional
  • Residual
  • Vital
  • Total
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12
Q

Dalton’s law

A

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present

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13
Q

Henry’s law

A

The quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility

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14
Q

External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange) is the exchange of gases between…

A

Alveoli and pulmonary blood capillaries

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15
Q

Internal respiration (systemic gas exchange) is the exchange of gases between…

A

Systemic blood capillaries and tissue cells

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16
Q

Percentages of 02 in oxygenated blood

A
  • 1.5% dissolved in blood plasma

- 98.5% bound to haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin

17
Q

5 things that affect the binding of 02 to haemoglobin

A
  • P(O2)
  • Acidity
  • P(CO2)
  • Temperature
  • 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)
18
Q

Percentages of CO2 in deoxygenated blood

A
  • 7% dissolved in blood plasma
  • 23% combines with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin
  • 70% is converted to HCO3-
19
Q

Bohr effect

A

Haemoglobin’s affinity for O2 is lower, and O2 dissociates more readily from it, in the presence of CO2 and higher acidity

20
Q

Haldane effect

A

In the presence of O2, less CO2 binds to haemoglobin

21
Q

Respiratory centre is made of…

A

Medullary respiratory centre and pontine respiratory centre

22
Q

Dorsal respiratory group of MRC controls…

A

Normal quiet breathing

23
Q

Ventral respiratory group of MRC controls…

A

Rhythm and forceful breathing

24
Q

Pontine respiratory centre modifies…

A

Rhythm of breathing during exercise, speaking and sleep

KIN 191 - Physiology (4 decks)

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