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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

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2
Q

alveolitis

A

inflammation of the alveolus

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3
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung

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4
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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5
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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6
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

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7
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (normally caused by infection)

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8
Q

diaphragmatocele (di-a-frag-MAT-o-sel)

A

Hernia of the diaphragm

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9
Q

Epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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10
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest (pleural space)

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11
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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12
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) la-ring-go-tra-ke-o-bron-KI-tos

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

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13
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

pertianing to the lobes, diseased state of the lung

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14
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

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15
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

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16
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

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17
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

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18
Q

pneumatocele

A

hernia of the lung

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19
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

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20
Q

pneumonia

A

diseased state of the lung

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21
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung

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22
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung

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23
Q

pulmonary neoplasm

A

pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)

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24
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest

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25
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

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26
Q

rhinomycosis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

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27
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood from the nose

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28
Q

thoracalgia

A

pain in the chest

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29
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

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30
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

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31
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

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32
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury

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33
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease chracterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks

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34
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a progressive lung disease that resticts the air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main compnents of COPD

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35
Q

coccidiodomycosis

A

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

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36
Q

cor pulmonale

A

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

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37
Q

croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx

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38
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

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39
Q

deviated septum

A

one part of the nasal cavity is smalller because of malformation or injury of the nasal cavity

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40
Q

emphysema

A

stretching of the lung tissuecaused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

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41
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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42
Q

influenza

A

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus

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43
Q

legionnaire disease

A

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneuophila

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44
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absenceof breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

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45
Q

Pertussis

A

Highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

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46
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

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47
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

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48
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

matter forgein to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number.

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49
Q

Tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

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50
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)

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51
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

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52
Q

adenotome

A

surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids

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53
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchus

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54
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

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55
Q

laryngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the larynx

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56
Q

laryngostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the larynx

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57
Q

laryngotracheotomy

A

incision of the larynx and trachea

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58
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

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59
Q

pleuropexy

A

surgical fixation of the pleura

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60
Q

pneumobronchotomy

A

incision of lung and bronchus

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61
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung

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62
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

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63
Q

septoplasty

A

incision into the nasal septum

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64
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of a sinus

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65
Q

thoracocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

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66
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision in the chest cavity

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67
Q

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the tonsils

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68
Q

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

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69
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the trachea

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70
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision of the trachea

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71
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

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72
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

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73
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within

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74
Q

endoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination within

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75
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination within

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76
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

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77
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

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78
Q

capnometer

A

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide

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79
Q

oximeter

A

instrument used to measure oxygen

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80
Q

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volume)

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81
Q

spriometry

A

a measurement of breathing (lung volume)

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82
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

process of recording many tests during sleep

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83
Q

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

A

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain.

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84
Q

Chest radiograph (CXR)

A

a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

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85
Q

ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

A

a nuclear medicine precedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions

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86
Q

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

A

a test performed on septum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

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87
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

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88
Q

peak flow meter (PFM)

A

a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

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89
Q

pulmonary function test (PFTs)

A

a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determing respiratory function

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90
Q

pulse oximetry

A

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the finertip

91
Q

auscultation

A

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope.

92
Q

percussion

A

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of te part beneath by the sound obtained. The dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

93
Q

PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

A

a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis.

94
Q

stethoscope

A

an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

95
Q

acapnia

A

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

96
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveolus

97
Q

anoxia

A

condition of the absence (deficiency) of oxygen

98
Q

aphonia

A

condition of absence of voice

99
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

100
Q

bronchoalveolar

A

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

101
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction in the bronchi

102
Q

diaphragmatic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

103
Q

dysphonia

A

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

104
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

105
Q

endotracheal

A

pertaining to within the trachea

106
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

107
Q

hypercapnia

A

condition of excess carbon dioxide (in the blood)

108
Q

hypernea

A

exessive breathing

109
Q

hypocapnia

A

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

110
Q

hyponea

A

deficient breathing

111
Q

hypoxemia

A

condition of deficient oxygen in the blood

112
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of deficient oxyen (to the tissue)

113
Q

intrapleural

A

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)

114
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

115
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

116
Q

mucoid

A

resembling mucus

117
Q

mucous

A

pertaining to mucus

118
Q

nasopharyngeal

A

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

119
Q

orthopnea

A

able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position

120
Q

phrenalgia

A

pain in the diaphragm

121
Q

phrenospasm

A

spasm of the diaphragm

122
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

123
Q

pulmonologist

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

124
Q

pulmnology

A

study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

125
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

126
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

127
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

128
Q

airway

A

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

129
Q

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen for tissue usel suffocation

130
Q

aspirate

A

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

131
Q

bronchoconstrictor

A

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

132
Q

bronchodilator

A

agent causing the bronchi to widen

133
Q

cough

A

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

134
Q

hiccup

A

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

135
Q

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

136
Q

hypoventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body’s gas exchange needs

137
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

138
Q

mucus

A

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

139
Q

nebulizer

A

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

140
Q

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired during hospitalization

141
Q

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attack

142
Q

patent

A

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi

143
Q

sputum

A

muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

144
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

145
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

146
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

147
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

148
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

149
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

150
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

151
Q

CXR

A

chest radiograph

152
Q

flu

A

influenza

153
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe

154
Q

LTB

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

155
Q

LUL

A

Left Upper Lobe

156
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep disorder

157
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

158
Q

PFM

A

peak flow meter

159
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function test

160
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

161
Q

RLL

A

Right Lower Lobe

162
Q

RML

A

Right Middle Lobe

163
Q

RUL

A

Right Upper Lobe

164
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

165
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

166
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

167
Q

VPS

A

ventilation-perfussion scanning

168
Q

Lungs

A

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two.

169
Q

Pleura

A

Double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small spave between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.

170
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscular partition that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.

171
Q

Mediastinum

A

space between te lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

172
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

173
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

174
Q

bronchi/o, bronch/o

A

bronchus

175
Q

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

A

diaphragm

176
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

177
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

178
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

179
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

180
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

181
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

182
Q

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

lung, air

183
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

184
Q

sept/o

A

septum (wall off, fence)

185
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

186
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax (chest)

187
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

188
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplete

189
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

190
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

191
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

192
Q

orth/o

A

straight

193
Q

ox/i, ox/o

A

oxygen

194
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

195
Q

py/o

A

pus

196
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

197
Q

spir/o

A

breathe, breathing

198
Q

a-, an-

A

absence of, without

199
Q

endo-

A

within

200
Q

eu-

A

normal, good

201
Q

pan-

A

all, total

202
Q

poly-

A

many, much

203
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

204
Q

-algia

A

pain

205
Q

-ar, -ary, -eal

A

pertaining to

206
Q

-cele

A

hernia or protrusion

207
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)

208
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilatation, expansion

209
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

210
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic

211
Q

-meter

A

insturment used to measure

212
Q

-metry

A

measurement

213
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

214
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

215
Q

-rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood

216
Q

-scope

A

insturment used for visual examination

217
Q

-scopic

A

pertianing to visual examination

218
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

219
Q

-spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

220
Q

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

221
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artifical opening

222
Q

-thorax

A

chest

223
Q

-tomy

A

cut into or incision

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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