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Medical Terminology > MedTerm Overview - Prefix, Suffix, Combining Words > Flashcards

MedTerm Overview - Prefix, Suffix, Combining Words Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Four word parts

A
  1. Word root 2. Prefix 3. Suffix 4. Combining form
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2
Q

Word root

A

the word part that is the core of the word. eg. play/er, play is the word root; arthr/itis, arthr (which means joint) is the word root hepat/itis, hepat (which means liver) is the word Root

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3
Q

Suffix

A

word part attached to the end of the word rot to modify its meaning eg. play/er, -er is the suffix hepat/ic, -ic (which means pertaining to) is the suffix Hepat/itis, -itis (which mean inflammation) is the suffix

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4
Q

Prefix

A

word part attached to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning eg. re/play, re- is the prefix sub/hepat/ic, sub- (which means under) is the prefix intra/ven/ous, intra- (which means within) is the prefix, ven (which means vein) is the word root, -ous (which means pertaining to) is the suffix

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5
Q

Combining Form

A

a word root with the combining vowel attached, separated by a vertical slash eg. arthr/o oste/o

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6
Q

Combining Vowel

A

the word part, usually an O, used to ease pronunciation eg. oste/o/arthr/itis

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7
Q

Four guidelines for using combining vowels

A
  1. When combining a word root and a suffix , a combining vowel is used if the suffix does not begin with a vowel 2. When connecting a word and a suffix, a combining vowel is usually not used if the suffix begins with a vowel 3. When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if the vowels are present at the junction 4. When connecting a prefix and a word root, a combining vowel is not used
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8
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of all living things

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9
Q

cell membrane

A

forms the boundary of the cell

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10
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like fluid inside the cell

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11
Q

nucleus

A

largest structure within the cell, it contains chromosomes fro the cellular reproduction and is the control center of the cell

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12
Q

chromosomes

A

located in the nucleus of the cell.

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13
Q

genes

A

regions within the chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics

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14
Q

DNA (deoxyribonuleic acid)

A

comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell

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15
Q

Tissue

A

group of similar cells that preforms a specific function

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16
Q

muscle tissue

A

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

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17
Q

nervous tissue

A

found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain, It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities

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18
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues and blood are types of connective tissue.

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19
Q

epithelial tissue

A

the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands

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20
Q

Organ

A

Two or more kinds of tissue that work together to preform complex body functions. eg skin

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21
Q

system

A

group of organs that work together to preform complex body functions. eg the cardiovascular system

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22
Q

Integumentary System

A

composed of skin, nails, glans. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D.

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23
Q

Respiratory System

A

Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body

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24
Q

Urinary System

A

Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration

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25
Q

Reproductive System

A

Female reproductive system is composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Male reproductive system is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction.

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26
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body.

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27
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.

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28
Q

Digestive System

A

Composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.

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29
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.

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30
Q

Nervous System

A

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages.

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31
Q

Endocrine System

A

Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many body activities.

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32
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain

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33
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

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34
Q

Thoracic, or chest, cavity

A

Space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi

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35
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

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36
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the recrum

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37
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

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38
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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39
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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40
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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41
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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42
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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43
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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44
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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45
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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46
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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47
Q

organ/o

A

organ

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48
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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49
Q

system/o

A

system

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50
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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51
Q

Cancer/o

A

Cancer

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52
Q

eti/o

A

Cause (of disease)

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53
Q

gno/o

A

Knowledge

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54
Q

iatr/o

A

physician, medicine

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55
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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56
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, mass

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57
Q

path/o

A

disease

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58
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped, striated

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59
Q

somat/o

A

body

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60
Q

-al, -ic, - ous

A

pertaining to

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61
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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62
Q

-gen

A

substance or agent that produces or causes

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63
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

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64
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)

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65
Q

-logy

A

study of

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66
Q

-oid

A

resembeling

67
Q

-oma

A

tumor or swelling

68
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition (means increasing when used with blood word roots)

69
Q

-pathy

A

disease

70
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

71
Q

-plasm

A

growth, substance, formation

72
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor

73
Q

-sis

A

state of

74
Q

-stasis

A

control, stop, standing

75
Q

adenocarcinoma (ad-e-no-kar-si-NO-ma)

A

cancerous tumor of the glandular tissue

76
Q

adenoma (ad-e-NO-ma)

A

tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)

77
Q

Carcinoma (kar-si-NO-ma)

A

Cancerous tumor (malignant)

78
Q

Chloroma (klo-RO-ma)

A

tumor of green color

79
Q

Epithilioma (ep-i-the-le-O-ma)

A

tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)

80
Q

fibroma

A

Tumor composed of fiber (fibirous tissue, benign)

81
Q

fibrosarcoma (fi-bro-sar-KO-ma)

A

malignant tumor composed of fiber (fiberous tissue)

82
Q

leiomyoma (li-o-mi-O-ma)

A

Tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)

83
Q

leiomyosarcoma (li-o-mi-o-sar-KO-ma)

A

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle

84
Q

Lipoma (li-PO-ma)

A

Benign tumor of fat

85
Q

Liposarcoma (Li-PO-sar-KO-ma)

A

Malignant tumor of fat

86
Q

Melanocarcinoma (mel-a-no-kar-si-NO-ma

A

cancerous black tumor

87
Q

melanoma

A

Black tumor (primarily of the skin)

88
Q

myoma (mi-o-ma)

A

Tumor composed of muscle

89
Q

neoplasm (NE-o-plazm)

A

new growth or abnormal tissue or tumor)

90
Q

neuroma (nu-RO-ma)

A

Tumor composed of nerver (benign)

91
Q

rhabdomyoma (rab-do-mi-o-sar-KO-ma)

A

Benign tumor composed of striated muscle

92
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma (rab-do-mi-o-sar-KO-ma)

A

malignant tumor of striated muscle

93
Q

sarcoma

A

highly malignant tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage)

94
Q

cytogenic (si-to-Jen-ik)

A

producing cells

95
Q

cytoid (SI-toid)

A

resembling a cell

96
Q

cytology (si-TOL-o-je)

A

study of cells

97
Q

cytoplasm (si-to-plazm)

A

cell substance

98
Q

dysplasia (dis-PLA-zha)

A

abnormal development

99
Q

epithelial

A

pertaining to the epithelium

100
Q

erythrocyte (e-RITH-ro-sit)

A

red (blood) cell

101
Q

erythrocytosis

A

incease in the red blood cells

102
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

103
Q

hyperplasia

A

(excessive development

104
Q

hypoplasia (hi-po-PLA-zha)

A

incomplete development of an organ or tissue

105
Q

karyocyte (Kar-e-o-sit)

A

cell with nucleus

106
Q

karyoplasm (KAR-e-o-plasm)

A

substance of the nucleus

107
Q

leukocyte (LU-ko-sit)

A

white (blood) cell

108
Q

leukocytosis (lu-ko-si-TO-sis)

A

increase in the number of white blood cells

109
Q

lipoid (LIP-oid)

A

Resembeling fat

110
Q

myopathy (mi-OP-a-the)

A

disease of the muscle

111
Q

neuroid (NU-royd)

A

resembeling nerve

112
Q

somatic

A

pertaining to the body

113
Q

somatogenic

A

origintain in the body (organic as opposed to psychologic)

114
Q

somatopathy

A

disease of the body

115
Q

somatoplasm

A

body substance

116
Q

systemic

A

pertaining to a body system or the body as a whole)

117
Q

visceral (VIS-er-al)

A

pertaining to the internal organs

118
Q

diagnosis (Dx)

A

state of complete knowledge (indetifying a disease)

119
Q

etiology

A

study of the cause of disease

120
Q

iatrogenic (i-at-ro-JEN-ik)

A

produced by a physician

121
Q

iatrology (i-at-TROL-o-je)

A

study of medicine

122
Q

metastasis

A

beyond control (spread of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)

123
Q

neopathy

A

new disease

124
Q

oncongenic (ong-ko-JEN-ik)

A

causing tumors

125
Q

oncologist

A

a physican who studies and treat tumors

126
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

127
Q

organic

A

pertaining to an organ

128
Q

organoid

A

resembeling an organ

129
Q

pathogenic

A

producing disease

130
Q

pathologist

A

a physician who studies diseases

131
Q

pathology

A

study of disease

132
Q

prognosis

A

state of before knowledge

133
Q

xanthochromic (zan-tho-KRO-mik)

A

pertaining to yellow color

134
Q

xanthosis (zan-THO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

135
Q

-a

A

singular ending

136
Q

-ax

A

singular ending

137
Q

-is

A

singular ending

138
Q

-ix

A

singular ending

139
Q

-ma

A

singular ending

140
Q

-on

A

singular ending

141
Q

-sis

A

singular ending

142
Q

-um

A

singular ending

143
Q

-us

A

singular ending

144
Q

-nx

A

singular ending

145
Q

-y

A

singular ending

146
Q

-ae

A

Plural ending

147
Q

-aces

A

Plural ending

148
Q

-es

A

Plural ending

149
Q

-ices

A

Plural ending

150
Q

-mata

A

Plural ending

151
Q

-a

A

Plural ending

152
Q

-ses

A

Plural ending

153
Q

-i

A

Plural ending

154
Q

-nges

A

Plural ending

155
Q

-ies

A

Plural ending

156
Q

CA

A

carcinoma

157
Q

Chemo

A

Chemotherapy

158
Q

DX

A

diagnosis

159
Q

mets

A

metastasis

160
Q

Px

A

prognosis

161
Q

RBC

A

Red Blood Cell

162
Q

XRT

A

radiation Therapy

163
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell count

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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