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DDS III Big Quiz 1 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Routes of delivery for inhaled drugs

A

Nasal or pulmonary

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2
Q

Advantages of RDD

A 
BOTH SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL EFFECTS
Rapid onset
Needle free
Reduced total amount of drug
Reduce side effects
Avoids first-pass
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3
Q

Disadvantages of RDD

A 
Not suitable for long term
Dose inaccuracy
Do not absorb
Local side effects
Mucociliary clearance
Not for prolong release effects
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4
Q

Formulations of PDD

A

Particle deposition
Paricle size
Aerosols
Dry powder based

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5
Q

Devices of PDD

A

Nebulizers
Metered dose inhalers
Dry powder inhalers

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6
Q

Factors concerning PDD

A

Physiological and pathological condition of the lungs

Drug absorption and kinetics

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7
Q

A&P of PDD

A

Starts at the nose and ends at the alveolar sac in the lung

  • Nasopharyngeal region
  • Tracheo-bronchial region
  • Alveolar region
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8
Q

Nasopharyngeal region

A

Includes airways from the nose to larynx

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9
Q

Tracheo-bronchial region

A

Central or conducting airway

Larynx to the terminal bronchioles (includes tranchea, and bronchi)

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10
Q

Alveolar region

A

Respiratory/peripheral/pulmonary airway

Comprised of respiratory, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

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11
Q

Branching of the airways

A

Single daughter branch is smaller than its mother
Sum of two daughter branches is larger than their mother
Increases with each order, further from the mouth –> larger the area

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12
Q

Surface areas of airways

A

Increase with increase in the generation

Increase with increasing distance of the airway from the glottis

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13
Q

Diameter of airways

A

Decrease with the increasing generation of airways

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14
Q

Inhaled drugs are delivered as

A

Droplets or particles

- Must be deposited in an appropriate lung region in sufficient quantity to be effective

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15
Q

Deposition by inertial impaction

A

Greater than 5 micrometers
Large or fast particles cannot travel in the same direction as the air stream
Increased with particle velocity, diameter, and density
- Based on SPEED/INERTIA

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16
Q

Deposition by sedimentation

A

Depends on GRAVITY
Varies with time and density
Low velocity
- Max residence time, small airways and lung periphery

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17
Q

Deposition by diffusion

A

Increased with TIME
Decreases with particle diameter
Independent of density
- Small airways and lung periphery

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18
Q

Physiological factors that affect particle deposition?

A 
Lung anatomy
Oral vs nasal inhalation
Inspiratory flow rate
Coordination of generation and inspiration
Tidal volume
Diseases
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19
Q

Routes of inhalation

A

Oral: lungs
Nasal: not oral

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20
Q

Inspiratory flow

A

Deposition in the first few generation of the respiratory tract increase with the increase inspiratory flow rate

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21
Q

Increasing IFR

A

Increased particle momentum and turbulence –> increase impaction in the proximal tracheobronchial region
- Decrease particle size

22
Q

Slow IFR

A

advantageous for penetration of drug to the target receptor site in the small peripheral airways

23
Q

Breath holding

A
  • Deposition drugs
    Hold breath for period of 5-10 seconds post inspiration
  • Particles will settle during this time
24
Q

Pressurized meter dosing requires

A

hand-mouth coordinaiotn

25
Q

Aerosol velocity

A

Droplet velocity is greater than IFR, droplet deposit in the oropharyngel region
- No hand eye coordination

26
Q

Particle density

A

Micronized particles for inhalation have particles densities around 1 g
Large pourous particles physical diameters of 20 um and 0.4 densities = deposited

27
Q

Aerodynamic diameter

A

Diameter of a sphere of unit density that has the same settling velocity in air as the aerosol particles in question

28
Q

MMAD

A

Mass median aerodynamic diameter
- Attach inhaler with the throat, align plates, apply vacuum, collect powder and weigh, plot and determine the size from 50% at weight scale

29
Q

Physical diameter increased with an what in particle density?

A

Decrease

30
Q

Aerodynamic diameter decreases with an what in density?

A

Decrease

31
Q

Size of droplets from MDIs

A

may decrease due to solvent evaporation

32
Q

Broad respirable particle size range?

A

10-1 uM

33
Q

Respirable fraction

A

Less than 5 um

34
Q

Fine particle fraction

A

1-5 um

35
Q

Particles 5-10 um

A

Impact in the upper airways but removed by coughing, swallowing and mucociliary processes

36
Q

Particles between 0.5 - 5 um

A

Deposit in the alveolar levels by impaction and sedimentation

37
Q

> 0.5 um particles

A

50% deposit in the alveoli by diffusion

Rest are exhaled

38
Q

Effective penetration into the lungs?

A

1-5 um

39
Q

Mucus barrier

A

Dry drugs dissolve in the mucus containing 90-95% water
Poorly soluble drugs, dissolution is the rate limiting step for absorption
- Highly soluble drugs dissolve in highly humid airways

40
Q

Rate of diffusion depends on?

A

Mucus thickness
Drug weight
Drug mucus interaction

41
Q

Mucociliary clearance

A

Respiratory system eliminates fluid, bacteria, and particulates
Accomplished by the close coordination of ciliary function, airway surface fluid secretion and mucin secretion

42
Q

Alverolar clearance

A

Engulfed by macrophages

Eliminated via lumphatic system or into the pulmonary circulation

43
Q

Hugh surface area?

A

Slightly larger than the small intestine

- Rapidly delivered to this area

44
Q

Thin absorption barrier

A

Thickness is less

45
Q

Rich vasculature

A

Receive 100% of cardiac output

Directly to the heart bypassing first pass

46
Q

Nominal dose

A

Written on the package label

47
Q

Metered dose

A

Amount contained in the metering unit

48
Q

Delivered dose

A

Amount leaving the device

49
Q

Fine particle dose

A

Amount contained in particles

50
Q

Recovered amount

A

Amount recovered from wiping the face and hands with a tissue

51
Q

Dose to subject

A

Inhaled dose minues the amount of drug leaving the subject through exhalation and mouth rinsing

DDS III Big Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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