Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the major functions of the respiratory system?
The major functions include gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, and vocalization.
What are the organs of the respiratory system?
The organs include the larynx, trachea, lungs, pleura, and bronchial tree.
In what order does air pass through the respiratory structures during inspiration and expiration?
Air passes through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally the alveoli.
What is the function of the larynx?
The larynx functions in sound production and protecting the airway during swallowing.
What is the function of the trachea?
The trachea serves as a passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs.
What is the function of the lungs?
The lungs are responsible for gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
What is the function of the pleura?
The pleura provide lubrication and facilitate movement of the lungs during breathing.
What is the function of the bronchial tree?
The bronchial tree distributes air to the lungs and contains structures that facilitate gas exchange.
What histological changes occur in the air passageways?
Histological changes include a transition from ciliated pseudostratified epithelium in the trachea to simple squamous epithelium in the alveoli.
What are the general locations of the conducting and respiratory zones?
The conducting zone includes structures like the trachea and bronchi, while the respiratory zone includes the alveoli.
What are the functions of the conducting and respiratory zones?
The conducting zone filters and humidifies air, while the respiratory zone is involved in gas exchange.
Define pulmonary ventilation.
Pulmonary ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
Define inspiration.
Inspiration is the process of taking air into the lungs.
Define expiration.
Expiration is the process of expelling air from the lungs.
What are the pressures associated with pulmonary ventilation?
The pressures include atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, and intrapleural pressure.
What is the sequence of events causing inspiration?
The sequence includes diaphragm contraction, thoracic cavity expansion, and decreased intrapulmonary pressure.
What is the sequence of events causing expiration?
The sequence includes diaphragm relaxation, thoracic cavity contraction, and increased intrapulmonary pressure.
What factors influence pulmonary ventilation?
Factors include lung compliance and alveolar surface tension.
Define respiratory volumes.
Respiratory volumes are measurements of the amount of air inhaled or exhaled.
Define respiratory capacities.
Respiratory capacities are the sum of two or more respiratory volumes.
What is Dalton’s Law?
Dalton’s Law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
What is Henry’s Law?
Henry’s Law states that the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid.
How do Dalton’s Law and Henry’s Law relate to respiration?
They relate to the exchange of gases during internal and external respiration.
