Respiratory System Flashcards
Ace the respiratory system
What are the Alveoli
Description: Thin-walled microscopic air sacs in lungs
Function: Gas exchange between air and blood
Nasal Cavities
Description: Hollow spaces in nose
Function: Filter, warm, and moisten air
Pharynx
Description: Chamber posterior to oral cavity; lies between nasal cavity and larynx
Function: Connection to surrounding regions
Glottis
Description: Opening into larynx
Function: Passage of air into larynx
Epiglottis
Description: Covers the glottis during the process of swallowing
Function: Stops food from entering your larynx
Larynx
Description: Cartilaginous organ that houses the vocal cords;voice box
Function: Sound production
Trachea
Description: Flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchi
Function: Passage of air to bronchi
Bronchi
Description: Paired tubes inferior to the trachea that enter the lungs
Function: Passage of air to lungs
Bronchioles
Description: Branched tubes that lead from bronchi to alveoli
Function: Passage of air to each alveolus
Lungs
Description: Soft, cone shaped organs that occupy lateral portions of the thoracic cavity
Function: Contain alveoli and blood vessels
Discuss the arrangement of the trachea, esophagus, larynx, and epiglottis, which normally prevents food from entering the trachea
The trachea lies in front of the esophagus. When food is swallowed, the epiglottis covers the tracheal opening (glottis) so the food slides over the epiglottis and into the esophagus.
Pleura
Description: moist membrane that encloses the lungs
Function: Smooth movement of the lungs within the chest cavity
Surface Tension
Tendency for water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding
Internal Respiration
the exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
External Respiration
the exchange of gases between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries
What are the alveoli lined with? What’s this useful for?
The alveoli are lined with a surfactant
It lowers the surface tension and prevents them from closing
Tidal Volume
Tidal volume is the amount of air normally moved in the body during inspiration and expiration
Vital Capacity
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air moved in or out of the body with each breathing cycle
What controls the rhythm of ventilation
It’s controlled by a respiratory centre located in the medulla oblongata of the brain
Expiratory Reserve Volume
This is the volume of air forcefully exhaled beyond the tidal volume
Residual Volume
Is the amount of volume left inside the lungs after forced exhalation
Chemoreceptors
monitor levels of carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and oxygen in the blood
What are the two acids form when you’re exercising
Lactic Acid
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
Adhesion
Between water and membrane
Cohesion
Between two waters
Pleura
The structure that will allow the expansion to happen easier (without any friction) without damaging its surroundings.
Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water + energy
