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respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

cellular process where carbohydrates are converted into energy ( ATP )

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2
Q

what is physiological respiration

A

movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opp direction

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of physiological respiration

A

internal and external

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4
Q

explain internal respiration

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood vessels and body cells

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5
Q

explain external respiration

A

(breathing)
involves bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation)

Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood

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6
Q

what is in the conductive zone

A

oral cavity/nasal passage
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

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7
Q

what is in the respiration zone

A

bronchioles
alveoli

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8
Q

what is the overall function of the conductive zone

A

cleans air entering the lung s

warms the air to 37 before entering alveoli

saturates air with moisture so alveoli doesn’t dry out

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9
Q

function of nasal passage and oral cavity

A

mouth and nose intake air and breathe out waste

air is warmed by the blood passing through a large number of capillaries

air is moistened by the mucus membranes and filtered by the hair, cilia and mucus

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10
Q

why do we filter, moisten, warm the air

A

prevents damage to delicate lung tissue

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11
Q

function of pharynx

A

transports air from nasal and oral cavity to larynx (and esophagus)

a part of the respiratory and digestive system

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12
Q

function of epiglottis

A

a membrane that covers larynx when you swallow

food is then directed into your esophagus and not into you trachea

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13
Q

when is your epiglottis open

A

when you’re breathing, talking, inhaling, singing

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14
Q

function of larynx

A

passageway for air only

consists of several pieces of cartilage

(Contains the vocal cords)

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15
Q

function of trachea

A

tube that carries air to the bronchi

contains C-shaped rings of cartilage to provide support to keep it open

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16
Q

where are goblet cells and what do they do

A

trachea

secrete mucus that traps dust and microorganisms

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17
Q

where is the cilia and what does it do

A

inside of trachea

sweep and direct mucus upwards towards the epiglottis, then is swallowed and digested

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18
Q

function of bronchi
(singular is bronchus)

A

tubes that carry air to bronchioles

site where respiratory system splits into left and right side

c-shaped cartilage for structure that contains mucus and cilia

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19
Q

explain the “primary” bronchi

A

the left and right main bronchi

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20
Q

explain the “secondary” bronchi

A

middle of your lungs
(lobar bronchi)

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21
Q

explain the ‘tertiary’ bronchi

A

edge of lungs, just before the bronchioles

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22
Q

function of bronchioles

A

Smaller tubes that branch from the bronchi

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23
Q

what are the terminal bronchioles

A

the last conducting airway and it gives rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles

24
Q

what do the respiratory bronchioles

A

delivers air to alveoli

25
Q

what is the overall function of the respiratory zone

A

gas exchange

alveoli give oxygen to capillaries

capillaries give carbon dioxide to alveoli

26
Q

function of alveoli

A

300 million alveoli in each lung

site of gas exchange

Wrapped with capillaries
1 cell thick (easy diffusion of gases)

27
Q

what is the alveolar duct
alveolar sacs
what is an aveoli

A

leads to the sac
bundle of alveoli
one

28
Q

what is diffusion and concentration gradients

A

particles move down their concentration gradients - an area of high conc to an area of low conc

greater the difference in concentration the faster the diffusion (and the higher the concentration gradient)

29
Q

explain how oxygen move in and out of alveoli

A

oxygen moves into alveoli

high Concentration of O2 in alveoli

low concentration of O2 in capillaries

O2 diffuses into capillaries (Red blood cells)

blood to left side of heart

30
Q

explain how carbon dioxide moves in and out of alveoli

A

carbon dioxide moves into capillary from right side of heart

high Concentration of CO2 in capillaries

low concentration of CO2 in alveoli

CO2 diffuses into alveoli

CO2 moves up respiratory tract

31
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of molecules from an area of higher conc to an area of lower conc

32
Q

what is the benefit of having alveoli

A

gas exchange rises carbon and provides oxygen

33
Q

why do we have so many alveoli in our lungs

A

increases productivity

34
Q

what is counter current respiration

A
34
Q

what happens to the cilia when you smoke

A

kills cilia which prevent s you form digesting mucus

35
Q

what are the alternative strategies of respiration

A

gills
diffusion
combination

36
Q

why are our lungs not the same size

A

right is shorter because the liver sits higher

left is smaller because the heart takes up the space

37
Q

circulatory system purpose

A

Transport oxygen to ALL body cells

Removal of waste materials from ALL body cells (metabolic waste which includes CO2)

Transport of nutrients from digestive system to ALL body cells

To help protect the body from infection (WBC) and blood loss (platelets)

38
Q

explain the travel of deoxygenated blood

A

deoxygenated blood from your tissues is collected into the superior and inferior vena cava and fills right atrium

moves from right atrium into right ventricle through the tricuspid valve

pumped from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery (through pulmonary valve) which leads to the lungs

39
Q

explain the travel of oxygenated blood

A

From the lungs, oxygenated blood moves into pulmonary veins and collects in the left atrium

Blood then moves from the left atrium into left ventricle
through the bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

Blood Is then pumped from left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve

It is then pumped from aorta to the tissues in our body

40
Q

what is pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange

41
Q

what is systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the body to supply the organs and tissues with oxygen, nutrients and remove wastes

42
Q

what is the SA node

A

electrical signal starts in SA node and spreads through the walls of the atria, causing them to contract forcing blood into the ventricles

43
Q

what is the AV node

A

delays signal, giving the atria time to contract before the ventricles do

44
Q

what is the His-Purkinje Network

A

pathway of fibers that send an impulse to the muscular walls of the ventricles causing them to contract from the apex (bottom) forcing blood up and out of the heart

45
Q

what is blood pressure

A

measure of the pressure or force of blood against the walls of your arteries while the heart is contracting and relaxing

46
Q

what are the 2 pressure measurements

A

systolic and diastolic

47
Q

what is systolic pressure

A

pressure measurement of when the ventricles CONTRACT

blood from the Right Ventricle gets pushed to the lungs and blood from the left ventricle gets sent to the body through the aorta.

48
Q

what is diastolic pressure

A

pressure measurement of when the ventricles are RELAXED

While the ventricles are relaxed, blood from the right and left atrium fills the ventricles.

49
Q

what are the components of blood

A

plasma
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells

50
Q

what is plasma

A

liquid part of blood

diluted solution of salt, glucose, amino acids, vitamins…

51
Q

what do white blood cells do

A

involved in immune system

52
Q

what do platelets do

A

invovled in blood clotting

53
Q

what do red blood cells do

A

involved in carrying oxygen

54
Q
A

biology - systems (1 decks)

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