Respiratory System

Question 1

The purpose of the respiratory system

Answer 1

The respiratory system is used to allow oxygen to enter our body to allow our cells to make energy, while also removing carbon dioxide

Question 2

The 4 stages of respiration

Answer 2

1) Breathing: Inspiration and expiration (in and out)

2) external respiration: the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the the lungs and blood

3) internal respiration: the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) from the blood to the cells

4) cellular respiration: energy releasing reactions within the cells

Question 3

Inspiration

Answer 3

The process of breathing in

• the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward, which causes the thoracic cavity to increase in volume, as our rib cage moves up and outward due to external intercostal muscle contractions and the expansion of our lung due to the intake of air

Question 4

Expiration

Answer 4

As we breathe out both our coastal muscles and our diaphragm relaxes, causing our thoracic cavity to decrease in volume as our lungs return to their normal state

Question 5

Respiration surfaces must..

Answer 5

1) Be large enough for gas exchange to happen quickly to support the body’s needs
2) they most be moist to allow gases to dissolve

Question 6

Outer skin

Answer 6

O2 is absorbed through the skin, and CO2 leaves through the skin
Moist animals like amphibians use this

Question 7

Nasal cavity

Answer 7

The first step in respiration— air is filter, warmed and increased in surface area

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

The throat

Question 9

Larynx

Answer 9

The voice box

Question 10

Trachea

Answer 10

The windpipe, a 10-12cm open tube, with loops of cartilage that keep it open

Question 11

Bronchi (singular = bronchus)

Answer 11

The left bronchus has 2 lubes and is smaller

The right bronchus has 3 lubes and is larger

The bronchus branch off into bronchioles

Question 12

Alveoli

Answer 12

A cluster sac like structure that is on the ends of the bronchioles

About 500 million in to lung

Each alveoli is lined with capillaries to allow for gases to be exchanged, they are both about 1 cell lay thick to allow quick diffusion

Question 13

Tracheal system

Answer 13

Insects

A system of tracheal tubes that connects cells directly to the oxygen, no bloodstream needed

Question 14

Gill system

Answer 14

So water in brought in, which is then passes through the gills, where oxygen within the water is exchanged with co2 using the capillaries lining along the gills

Question 15

Breathing is required why?

Answer 15

To move air in and out of the lungs

Question 16

The brain regulates

Answer 16

The volume of air in the lungs

The breathing rate

Question 17

Tonsillitis

Answer 17

Viral or bacterial infection

Tonsils are meant to keep bacteria and viruses out of the system

Question 18

Laryngitis

Answer 18

An overuse injury on the larynx (voice box) or due to infection

Question 19

Pneumonia

Answer 19

Inflammation, due to bacteria or viruses, resulting in the build up of fluids

Types:
Lobar- affect one lube
Bronchial - affects both lungs around the bronchi and bronchioles areas

Question 20

Bronchitis

Answer 20

Build up of mucus along the membrane of the bronchi

Question 21

Asthma

Answer 21

The inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles walls, restricting the air flow

Question 22

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

Cells lining the airway release excess amounts of mocus, resulting in clogging