Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARMACOLOGY > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

used to block the release of histamine

A

ANTIHISTAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a chemical mediator or inflammation that increases secretions and contricts air passageways

A

HISTAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

agents utilized to block the cough reflex

A

ANTITUSSIVES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(4) COPD Agents

A

● Bronchodilators
● Inhaled Steroids
● Leukotriene receptors blockers
● Anti-asthma drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

utilized to decreased the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease the excessive production of secretions

A

decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

used to decrease the viscosity of sputum to increase productive cough to clear airways

A

expectorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antihistamines are also called H1 __ or H1 ____

A

H1 blockers or H1 antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This drug blocks histamine that is designed to relieve respiratory symptoms and treat allergic conditions

A

antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clinical use of antihistamines?

A

Allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Epinephrine can be used for severe allergy ONLY!!

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antihistamines are divided into generations:

A

first and second generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This generation of antihistamine:

  • Causes more sedation and drowsiness having a greater anticholinergic effect.
A

first generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This generation of antihistamine has:

  • less anticholinergic effect
  • less to no effect of seadation
  • decrease entry to CNS
A

second generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the (13) first generation drugs:

A

-CHLORPHENIRAMINE
-DIMENHYDRINATE
-DIPHENHYDRAMINE
-DOXYLAMINE
1. Azatadin
2. Azelastine
3. Brompheniramine
4. Chlorpheniramine
5. Cyproheptadine
6. Cyclizing
7. Doxylamine
8. Meclizine
9. Tripelennamine
10. Promethazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the (4) second generation drugs:

A
  1. FEXOFENADINE (Allegra)
  2. LORATADINE (Claritin)
  3. CETIRIZINE (Zyrtec)
  4. Azelastine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/E of first generation

A
  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • disturbed coordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anticholinergic effects

A
  • dry mouth
  • urine retention
  • blurred vision
  • wheezing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antihistamines

MOA

A

● Selectively block the
effect of histamine at
H1 receptor site in the
target tissue by
competing w/
histamine for receptor
decreasing cellular
responses

● Also have
anticholinergic and
antipruritic pruritic
properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antihistamines

(5) clinical indication

A

● Common Colds
● Rhinitis
● Allergic Sinusitis
● Colds
● Uncomplicated
urticaria and
angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antihistamines

(2) contraindication

A
  1. Pregnancy and Lactation
    ○ Used cautiously for px with impaired liver and kidney function
  2. Fatal Arrhythmias
    ○ Those with prolonged
    QT intervals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Antihistamines

(4) nursing consideration

A

● Avoid use with alcohol

● Advise to avoid driving
vehicles and operating
dangerous equipment
(because
antihistamines can
cause drowsiness or
sedation)

● Administer with foods
or milk to avoid GI
upset

● Increase OFI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This drug stimulate the Alpha adrenergic receptor producing vascular constriction of capillaries within the nasal mucosa

A

NASAL AND SYSTEMIC DEONGESTANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

(3) Systemic Decongestant used:

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Phenylephrine
  3. Pseudoephedrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nasal and systemic deongestant

side effects

A

● Jittery
● Nervous
● Increase BP
● Increase blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What signs happens to body after use of 5 days of nasal and systemic congestant.

A
  • Rebound Tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This drug is a treatment for Allergic Rhinitis that decreases the following symptoms:

  • rhinorrhea
  • sneezing
  • congestion
A

INTRANSAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The medications under intranasal glucocorticoids are (4):

A
  1. Beclomethasone
  2. Budesonide
  3. Dexamethasone
  4. Flunisolide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

This drug suppresses the COUGH REFLEX on the Medulla Oblongata.

A

ANTITUSSIVES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

(2) types of antitussives

A
  1. Narcotic Antitussive
  2. Non-narcotic Antitussives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

(3) Medications under narcotic antitussive

A
  1. Benzonatate
  2. Hydrocodone
  3. Guaifenesin and Codeinze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A medication under narcotic antitussive that is a most effective cough suppresant available

A

Codeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

(2) Medications under non-narcotic antitussive

A
  1. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (Robitussin DM)
  2. Butamirate Citrate (Sinecod Forte)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Antitussives

Pharmacodynamic

A

Depressed cough
reflex and do not
suppress respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Antitussives

(2) Contraindications

A
  1. Pt who undergone
    thoracic and
    abdominal surgeries
    - Post-surgery
    includes the need
    to cough to
    maintain airway
    patency
  2. Asthma, Emphysema
    or COPD for secretion
    accumulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Antitussives

(3) Drug Effects

A
  1. Respiratory
    ● Dryness of mucosal
    membranes
    ● Increased viscosity of
    secretions
  2. CNS
    ● Drowsiness
    ● Dizziness
    ● Sedation
  3. GIT
    ● Nausea
    ● Constipation
    ● Dry mouth
    ● GIT upset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Antitussives (5) Nursing Considerations:

A
  1. Evaluate lung sounds frequently to determine
    if secretions are being
    appropriately removed now and that cough is
    suppressed
  2. DO NOT GIVE water
    after administration
  3. Assess frequency and nature of cough
  4. Observe for sign of
    dependency
  5. Warn pt about
    engaging in activities
    that require mental
    alertness.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This drug add bulk or fluid to sputum to decrease viscosity of bronchial secretions.

It loosens bronchial secretions so they can eliminate by coughing.

A

Expectorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

(2) Medications of Expectorants

A
  1. Guaifenesin (Robitusin)
  2. Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

(5) Nursing considerations of Expectorants

A
  1. Well hydrated
  2. Have strong cough effort and energy to cough
  3. Avoid alcohol
  4. Elderly pt need lower dosage
  5. Caution in pt with Hepatic and Renal Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

This drug breaks down mucus in order to help respiratory patients in coughing up thick, tenacious secretion.

Helps clear mucus from the lungs, sinuses, and nasal passages by breaking down the chemical bonds in mucus
making it thinner and easier to cough up.

A

Mucolytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

(2) Medications for Mucolytics

A
  1. Acetylcysteine (Fluimucil)
  2. Carbocisteine (Solumex)
42
Q

A pt taking mucolytics are at caution if have:

A
  1. Acute bronchospasms
  2. Peptic Ulcer
  3. Esophageal Varices
  4. COPD
  5. Pneumonia
  6. Tuberculosis
  7. Atelectasis
43
Q

(8) Nursing Considerations for Mucolytics

A
  1. Instruct client to avoid combining with other drugs in the nebulizer to avoid formation of
    precipitates
  2. Can be administered via nebulizers diluted
    with sterile water
  3. Can irritate respiratory mucosa
  4. Can irritate respiratory mucosa
  5. Provide patient teaching of drug name and
    dosage
  6. Make suction machine available

7.Elderly px need lower dosage

  1. Should not be mixed with other drugs
44
Q

COPD stands for:

It includes (3) primary symptoms

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  1. Asthma
  2. Emphysema
  3. Chronic Bronchitis
45
Q

Define Bronchodilators

A

Sympathomimetics: ALPHA and BETA2
Assists in opening narrowed airways

  1. Adrenergic
    ■ Increase cAMP causing dilation of bronchioles
  2. Xanthine
    ■ Relief of bronchospasm caused by asthma or chronic
    obstructive lung disease
46
Q

Define Steroids

A

Decreases Inflammation

47
Q

Define Leukotriene Modifiers

A

Reduce inflammation in the lung tissue

48
Q

Define Cromolyn Sodium and Nedocromil

A

Acts as anti-inflammatory agents by suppressing the release of histamine
from the mast cells

49
Q

Define Expectorants

A

Assist in loosening secretions from the airway

50
Q

Define Antibiotics

A

Presscribed to prevent complications from bacterial infections

51
Q

This drug is used to facilitate respiration by dilating airways.

It is used as a symptomatic relief of bronchial asthma and bronchospasm associated with COPD.

A

Bronchodilators

52
Q

(4) Medications of Bronchodilators

A
  1. Xanthines
  2. Sympathomimetics (B-agonists)
  3. Anticholinergics
  4. Inhaled Steroids
53
Q

This drug mimics the effects of the Sympathetic Nervous system by dilating bronchi and increasing rate and depth of respiration

A

Selective Beta 2 Receptors

54
Q

The medication/drug of choice for tx of acute bronchospasm (including caused by anaphylaxis)

A

Epinepherine

55
Q

Selective beta 2 receptors is divided into 2 parts

A
  1. Short Acting
  2. Long Acting
56
Q

(6) Short acting Medications of Selective Beta 2 Receptors

A
  1. Salbutamol
  2. Albuterol
  3. Levalbuterol
  4. Bitolterol
  5. Metaproterenol
  6. Terbutaline
57
Q

(4) Long Acting Medications of Selective Beta 2 Receptors

A
  1. Salmeterol (Inhaled)
  2. Formoterol
  3. Indacaterol
  4. Bambuterol
58
Q

Asthma must always be inhaled with

A

corticosteroids

59
Q

COPD may be used as

A

monotherapy

60
Q

Selective Beta 2 Receptors

Drug of Action

A
  1. Used as bronchodilators are
    β2-selective adrenergic agonists
  2. Asthma and other allergic
    conditions
  3. Bronchospasm in reversible
    obstructive airway disease, such
    as:
    ○ Acute and chronic asthma
    ○ Chronic bronchitis

4 Prevents exercise-induced
bronchospasm

61
Q

SE/AE of Selective Beta 2 Receptors

A

● Paradoxical bronchospasm
● Tachycardia
● Palpitations
● Tremors
● Dry mouth
● Hypertension

62
Q

Contraindications of Selective Beta 2 Receptors

A

● Cardiac disease
● Vascular disease
● Hyperthyroidism
● Arrhythmias
● Diabetes
● Pregnancy
● Lactation

63
Q

(3) Nursing Considerations for Selective Beta Receptors

A

● Take the drugs 30-60 minutes
before exercise

● Inform the physician if the
medication no longer provide
sufficient relief

● Take the missed dose as soon as
he/she remembers unless it’s
almost time for the next dose.

64
Q

Watch out for when taking Selective beta 2 receptors

A

● Hyperglycemia
● Tachyarrhythmias
● Bronchospasms
● Urinary retention
● Hypertention

65
Q

This drug prevent contraction of airway smooth muscles and decrease mucus secretion

A

anticholinergic drugs

  • used as nasal spray
  • solution for nebulization
66
Q

Short Acting Anticholinergic Drugs

A

Ipratropium
○ Inhibits salivary and mucous glands secretions
and dilating bronchial smooth muscle
○ Relaxes the air passages to the lungs

67
Q

Long acting Anticholinergic Drugs

A

Tiotropium

68
Q

(3) Nursing Considerations of Anticholinergic Drugs

A
  1. Advice patients to take sugar-free hard candies since it can help with dry mouth caused by anticholinergic drugs.

2.Advice to increase OFI

  1. NO SWALLOWING OF CAPSULE
69
Q

This drug inhibit the phosphodiesterase thus increasing the cAMP.

This relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle.

A

methylxanthines derivatives

70
Q

(5) drugs of methylxanthines derivatives

A
  1. Theophylline
  2. Aminophylline
  3. Caffeine
  4. Dyphylline
  5. Oxtriphylline
71
Q

Methylxanthines Derivatives

Drug Action

A
  1. Effects directly on
    smooth-muscles
    of the respiratory
    tract (both on
    bronchi and blood
    vessels)
  2. Stimulates CNS
  3. Relieves bronchial
    asthma
  4. Reversal of
    bronchospasm
    associated with
    COPD
  5. Stimulation of
    respiration in
    Cheyne-Stokes
    respiration
  6. Treatment of apnea
    and bradycardia for
    premature infants
  7. CNS excitation
  8. Bronchodilation
72
Q

SE/AE of Methylxanthines Derivatives

A

SIDE EFFECTS:
● GI upset
● Anorexia
● Vomiting and Nausea
● Epigastric Pain
● Irritability

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
● Tachycardia → Arrhythmias
● Nervousness → Convulsions
● Brain damage
● Increased contractility in
skeletal muscles

73
Q

(4) Nursing Considerations

A
  1. Take the medicine in
    the morning
  2. Avoid caffeine
  3. Avoid stimulants
  4. Stop before Cardiac
    Stress Test Procedure.
74
Q

This drug is a theophylline salt that is considerably more soluble than theophylline itself

A

AMINOPHYLLINE

75
Q

About Therapeutic Level of Aminophylline

A

RAPID IV administration of AMINOPHYLLINE causes –>

dizziness, flushing, severe, hypotension,
bradycardia, and palpitations.

76
Q

3 T’S of Aminophylline

A

Toxic Range (20mcg/ml)

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

Tachycardia

77
Q

SLM for Anti-inflammatroy Agents Stands For

A

SLM
○ S – Steroids
○ L – Leukotriene
○ M – Mast Cells Stabilizer Cromolyn

78
Q

STEROIDS:
S
S
S
S

A

Swelling
Slow onset (Gastric Irritation)

Sugar Increase (Hyperglycemia)

Sore in the mouth (Suppress Immune System)

79
Q

This drug reduce the inflammatory response clearance in the airway and reduce airway edema.

+ Most effective drug available for long-term control of airway inflammation

+ Reduce asthma symptoms by suppressing inflammation

A

GLUCOSTEROIDS

80
Q

Glucosteroids

A
  1. Drug doses must not be missed and must be tapered off over a 4-5 days period.
  2. DO NOT STOP
    STEROIDS ABRUPTLY
  3. Must be given with food or right after a meal.
  4. Rinse mouth after using the inhaler to decrease systemic absorption and decrease GI Upset
    and nausea
81
Q

This drug is used for Used for aspirin-induced asthma and reduces the inflammatory symptoms of asthma.

A

LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

82
Q

Chemical mediator that causes inflammatory changes in the lungs

A

Leukotriene

83
Q

LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS include (2) drugs:

A

Montelukast and Zafirlukast
○ Prevents binding of leukotriene to receptors

AE: Mood and Behavioral Changes

84
Q

5-LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITOR include (1) drug:

A

Zileuton
○ Prevents leukotriene synthesis

AE: Hepatotoxicity

85
Q

This drug is a mast cell stablizers, anti-asthma that blocks histamine response

inhalation agent that suppresses bronchial inflammation

  • administered by inhalation for asthma
  • No bronchodilation or anticholinergic effects.
  • Used for pt with mild-moderate asthma
A

CROMOLYN

86
Q

Client teaching for Cromolyn

A

Take 15 minutes before exertion

87
Q

Cromolyn is treatment of:

A
  1. Chronic bronchial
    asthma
  2. Exercise-induced
    asthma
  3. Allergic Rhinitis
88
Q

Which of the following medications is considered as the most effective over-the-counter (OTC) nonopioid cough medicine, and the most widely used of all cough medicines?

Question 1Answer

a.Guaifenessin

b.Dextromorphan

c.Codeine

d.Benzonatate

A

b.Dextromorphan

89
Q

Which of the following drug classifications acts as a cough suppressant by suppressing the cough reflex at the medulla oblongata?

Question 2Answer

a.
Expectorant

b.
Decongestant

c.
Antitussive

d.
Antihistamine

A

c.Antitussive

90
Q

A 45-year-old male patient with asthma is prescribed Albuterol and Fluticasone inhalers. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize when educating the patient?

Question 3Answer

a.Use the Fluticasone inhaler before using the Albuterol

b.Store both inhalers in the refrigerator

c.Rinse your mouth after using the Fluticasone inhaler

d.Use the Albuterol inhaler daily even when you don’t have symptoms

A

c. Rinse your mouth after using the Fluticasone inhaler

91
Q

All of the following medications belong to the first-generation antihistamine EXCEPT:

Question 4Answer

a. Diphenhydramine

b. Promethazine

c. Loratadine

d. Meclizine

A

c.
Loratadine

92
Q

Which of the following antihistamines is given to a patient who is experiencing allergic rhinitis?

Question 5Answer

a.H2-antagonist

b.H1-antagonist

c.H1-agonist

d.H2-agonist

A

b. H1-antagonist

93
Q

A 56-year old patient is prescribed to take diphenhydramine 25mg tab OD. What should the nurse instruct the patient as part of his health education?

Question 6Answer

a.Increase oral fluid intake

b.Advise to avoid driving vehicles

c.Avoid use of alcohol

d.All of the above

A

d. All of the above

94
Q

Which of the following is an example of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist?

Question 7Answer

a.All of the above

b.Zileuton

c.Montelukast

d.Zafirlukast

A

a. All of the above

95
Q

Which of the following is NOT an anticholinergic side effect of first-generation antihistamine?

Question 8Answer

a.Dry mouth

b.Drowsiness

c.Urine retention

d.Blurred vision

A

b. Drowsiness

96
Q

A patient with severe asthma is receiving a theophylline infusion. What should the nurse monitor for as a sign of theophylline toxicity?

Question 9Answer

a.Nausea, vomiting, and seizures

b.Bradycardia and hypotension

c.Sedation and drowsiness

d.Decreased respiratory rate and hypoxia

A

a. Nausea, vomiting, and seizures

97
Q

Which of the following drug classification prevents activity-induced asthma which should be taken 15 minutes before exertion?

Question 10Answer

a.Mast cell stabilizers

b.Leukotriene receptor antagonist

c.Steroids

d.None of the above

A

a. Mast cell stabilizers

98
Q

Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated to all of the following EXCEPT:

Question 11Answer

a.Intestinal obstruction

b.None of the above

c.Benign prostatic hypertrophy

d.Glaucoma

A

b. None of the above

99
Q

Which of the following is a short-acting selective Beta-2 receptor commonly used for quick relief of asthma symptoms?

Question 12Answer

a.Tiotropium

b.Montelukast

c.Fluticasone

d.Albuterol

A

d. Albuterol

100
Q

Which of the following drug classifications causes the breakdown of secretion or reduces the viscosity of mucus in the bronchial tree?

Question 13Answer

a.Corticosteroids

b.Bronchodilator

c.Tocolytics

d.Mucolytics

A

d. Mucolytics

101
Q

A nurse is administering a nebulizer treatment of Ipratropium to a patient with COPD. During the treatment, the patient complains of dry mouth and blurred vision. What should the nurse do?

Question 14Answer

a.
Reassure the patient that these are common side effects of the medication

b.Decrease the dose of the medication

c.Administer an antihistamine to manage the side effects

d.Stop the treatment immediately and notify the provider

A

a. Reassure the patient that these are common side effects of the medication

102
Q

Methylxanthine derivatives have a direct effect on smooth-muscles of the respiratory tract, both those on the bronchi and the blood vessels.

Question 15Answer
True
False

A

True

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions