Respiratory system

Question 1

What does the respiratory system include?

Answer 1

includes the lungs, airways, and structures that help with gas exchange

Question 2

Where are the lungs located?

Answer 2

The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, on either side of the heart, and are protected by the thoracic cage (ribcage).

The bottom part of the lungs rests on the diaphragm, while the top part (called the apex) is just behind or above the clavicle (collarbone)

Question 3

What is the hilus of the lung?

Answer 3

The hilus is the region on the medial surface of the lungs where the bronchi (air), pulmonary arteries and veins (blood), lymph vessels, and pulmonary plexus (nerves) pass through.

Question 4

What structures make up the airways in the respiratory system?

Answer 4

The airways include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

Question 5

Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, the tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles.

Question 6

Why is drug delivery via the respiratory system effective and fast?

Answer 6

Why is drug delivery via the respiratory system effective and fast?

Question 7

Name three types of drugs commonly delivered through the respiratory system.

Answer 7

Bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol for asthma)
Inhalational anaesthetics (e.g., nitrous oxide)
Corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone for inflammation)

Question 8

What do the smooth muscles in the airways do?

Answer 8

The smooth muscles in the airways can constrict (tighten) or dilate (relax), affecting the flow of air.