Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the main role of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

-breathe in oxygen
-oxygen used to create energy in cells/ muscles
-remove waste products like carbon dioxide, lactic acid

Question 2

How does a well trained respiratory system benefit athletes

Answer 2

-more efficient at providing muscles with oxygen
-more energy available to muscles
-more waste products removed
-quicker recovery from excersise

Question 3

What is alveoli?

Answer 3

Microscopic air sacs in lungs specifically designed for gas exchange

Question 4

What are capillaries?

Answer 4

Microscopic blood vessels that surround the alveoli

Question 5

What are red blood cells?

Answer 5

Cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 6

What are haemoglobin

Answer 6

Proteins in red blood cell that attatches O2 and CO2

Question 7

What are the 4 steps of gaseous exchange

Answer 7

1 -oxygen is inhaled through lungs, fills the alveoli
2 -enters the blood stream by diffusing into the capillary blood vessel
3 -CO2 moves in the opposite direction, diffusing from capillary into the alveoli
4 -carbon dioxide in the alveoli is then exhaled by the lungs

Question 8

What is the first step of gaseous exchange

Answer 8

Oxygen is inhaled through the lungs, fills the alveoli

Question 9

What is the second step of gaseous exchange

Answer 9

Oxygen enters the blood stream by diffusing into the capillary blood vessel

Question 10

What is the third step of gaseous exchange

Answer 10

CO2 moves into the opposite direction, diffusing from the capillary into the alveoli

Question 11

What is the fourth step of gaseous exchange

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide in the alveoli is then exhaled by the lungs

Question 12

What properties does the alveoli have to make it more efficient

Answer 12

-moist
-1 cell thick for easy diffusion pathway
-rounded shape gives them a large surface area
-large blood supply

Question 13

What properties does capillary have that makes it more efficient at its job

Answer 13

-1 cell thick for short diffusion pathway
-many capillaries surround the alveoli to maximise gas exchange
-red blood cells contain protein -haemoglobin- to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 14

Where does diffusion take place

Answer 14

-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-skeletal muscle
-alveoli
-capillary

Question 15

What is concentration gradient

Answer 15

Area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 16

Example of concentration gradient with oxygen

Answer 16

-alveoli has high concentration of oxygen
-capillary has a low concentration of oxygen

Oxygen diffuses through the alveoli membrane to reach equilibrium