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The Body Systems > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Adenoids

A

Lymphatic tissue in the Nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.

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2
Q

Alveolus / Alveoli

A

Air sack in the lung 

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3
Q

Apex of the lung

A

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung. Apical means pertaining to or located at the Apex.

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4
Q

Base of the lung

A

Lower portion of the lung. Basilar means located at or in the base 

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5
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smallest branches of the bronchi. 

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6
Q

Bronchus / Bronchi

A

Branch of the trachea, that is a passageway into the lungs; bronchial tube 

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7
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhale through the lungs 

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Thin hairs attached to the mucus membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. 

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9
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. Contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out 

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10
Q

Epiglottis

A

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing 

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11
Q

Exhalation

A

Breathing out;expiration

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12
Q

Glottis

A

Slit-like opening to the larynx

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13
Q

Hilum of the lung

A

The Hilum is what connects your lungs to their supporting structures and where pulmonary vessels enter an exit your lungs. Hilar means pertaining to (at) the Hilum 

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14
Q

Inhalation

A

Breathing in; inspiration

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15
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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16
Q

Lobe

A

Division of a lung 

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17
Q

Mediastinum

A

Region between the lungs and the chest cavity, it contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes 

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18
Q

Nares

A

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities; nostrils 

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19
Q

Oxygen (O2)

A

Gas that makes up 21% of the air that we breathe. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all the body cells.


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20
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

One of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth )

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21
Q

Paranasal sinus

A

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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22
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of pleura line closer to the ribs and chest wall 

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23
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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24
Q

Pleura

A

Double layered membrane surrounding each lung 

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25
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between the layers of the pleura

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26
Q

Pulmonary parenchyma

A

Essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration ; bronchioles and alveoli

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27
Q

Respiration

A

Exchange of gases, (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries, (external respiration or breathing), and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration. )

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28
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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29
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner layer of plural line closer to the lung tissue

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30
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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31
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus, air sack

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32
Q

Bronch/o. Bronchi/o

A

Bronchial tube, bronchus

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33
Q

Bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole, small bronchus

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34
Q

Capn/o

A

Carbon dioxide

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35
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

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36
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

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37
Q

Epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

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38
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx, voice box

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39
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe of the lung

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40
Q

Mediastin/o

A

Mediastimum

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41
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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42
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight,upright

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43
Q

Ox/o

A

Oxygen

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44
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

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45
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx, throat

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46
Q

Phon/o

A

Voice

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47
Q

Phren/o

A

Diaphragm

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48
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

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49
Q

Pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

Air, lung

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50
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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51
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

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52
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus, cavity

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53
Q

Spir/o

A

Breathing

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54
Q

Tel/o

A

Complete

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55
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

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56
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

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57
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

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58
Q

-ema

A

Condition

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59
Q

-osmia

A

Smell

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60
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

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61
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

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62
Q

-sphyxia

A

Pulse

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63
Q

-thorax

A

Pleural cavity, chest

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64
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to sounds within the body 

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65
Q

Percussion 

A

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure 

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66
Q

Pleural rub

A

Scratchy sound produced by plural surfaces, rubbing against each other. (Also known as a friction rub)

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67
Q

Rales

A

crackling, bubbling, or rattling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli. 

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68
Q

Rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)

A

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.

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69
Q

Sputum

A

Material expelled from the bronchi lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting. A mixture of saliva and mucus (phlegm)

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70
Q

Purulent

A

Containing pus

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71
Q

Stridor

A

An abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway. This condition indicates upper airway obstruction. 

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72
Q

Wheezes

A

Continuous, high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing 

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73
Q

Croup

A

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx , accompanied by barking cough and stridor

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74
Q

Diphtheria

A

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (corynebacterium)

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75
Q

Epistaxis

76
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough, highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella Pertussis 

77
Q

Paroxysmal

A

Violent, sudden

78
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

79
Q

Bronchodilator

A

(Albuterol inhaler ) for asthma

80
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, especially secondary to infection 

81
Q

Palliative

A

(Non curative but treatable )

82
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time. Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (COPD)

83
Q

Cystic fibrosis (CF) 

A

Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

84
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of Alveoli

85
Q

Emphysema

A

Hyper inflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

86
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure

87
Q

Lung cancer

A

Malignant tumour arising from the lungs and bronchi
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

88
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis


89
Q

Anthracosis

A

Coal (anthrac/o)

90
Q

Asbestosis

A

Asbestos/ Asbest/o

91
Q

Silicosis

A

Silica (silic/o) rocks or glass

92
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction


93
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid blood cells and debris 

94
Q

Infiltrate

A

Fluid filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan 

95
Q

Bronchiopneumonia

A

Form of infection that produces patchy consolidations (abscesses) in the lung parenchyma.

96
Q

Pulmonary abscess

A

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs 

97
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles 

98
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus 

99
Q

Cyanosis

A

Abnormal blueish skin colouration 

100
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing 

101
Q

Expectoration

A

Coughing up sputum from the respiratory tract 

102
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid from a tumour or infection, cells, and Pus that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation 

103
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood. -emesis=vomiting

104
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Spitting up blood -ptysis=spitting

105
Q

Hemothorax 

A

Blood in the pleural cavity 

106
Q

Hypercapnia 

A

High carbon dioxide levels in the blood

107
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased breathing rate 

108
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased oxygen levels in the blood

109
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased oxygen levels in tissues

110
Q

Infiltrate

A

Collection of fluid or other material within the lungs seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan

111
Q

Orthopnea

A

Abnormal condition in which breathing is easier in the upright position. Ortho = upright

112
Q

Paroxysmal

A

Pertaining to sudden occurrence such as a spasm or seizure. Oxysm/o=sudden 

113
Q

Pleurodynia 

A

Pain associated with pleura. Dynia=pain, tenderness 

114
Q

Purulent

A

Containing pus 

115
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge of mucous from nose 

116
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally, rapid breathing

117
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally, rapid breathing

118
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Low carbon dioxide levels in blood

119
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Low carbon dioxide levels in blood

120
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, (ARDS)

A

Severe sudden lung injury in adults by acute illness

121
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete

122
Q

Ectasis

A

Dilation or expansion

123
Q

Ectasis

A

Dilation or expansion

124
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome, RDS,IRDS

A

Lack of lung surfactant in newborns

125
Q

Pulmonary embolism PE

A

Embolus a travelling clot or other material travels from distant veins and lodges in vessels of lungs. may produce necrotic tissue pulmonary infarction 

126
Q

Tuberculosis TB

A

Infectious inflammatory disease due to bacteria, affects lungs and organs

127
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Formation of scar tissue in connective tissue of lung

128
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Rare malignant tumour arising in the pleura usually caused by asbestos exposure 

129
Q

DPT is a vaccine against which infections

A

Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

130
Q

Airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis 

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 

131
Q

Stridor occurs in which upper respiratory disorder

132
Q

Acute information and infection of the alveoli, usually caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses

A

Pneumonia 

133
Q

Collection of pus in the pleural cavity

A

Pyothorax (py/o=pus, thorac/o=chest)

134
Q

Rod shaped bacteria

135
Q

Tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe; each leading to a separate lung

A

Bronchi (bronch/o, bronchi/o)

136
Q

Breathing is easier in an upright position

A

Orthopnea (ortho=upright)

137
Q

Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts or particles with chronic inflammation infections and bronchitis

A

Pneumnoconisis (pneum/o=lung, coni/o=dust)

138
Q

Pulmonary parenchyma

A

Alveoli and bronchioles 

139
Q

Thin hair attached to the mucus membrane lining the respiratory tract

140
Q

Middle region of lungs were bronchi blood vessels and nerves enter an exit lungs.

141
Q

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

A

Pulmonary embolism

142
Q

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

A

Pulmonary fibrosis. (Fibr/o=fiber, -osis=abnormal condition)

143
Q

Hyper inflation of air sacks with loss of elasticity and breakdown of alveolar walls; a type of COPD

144
Q

Creation of a new opening into the trachea through the neck to establish an airway

A

 Tracheostomy (

145
Q

High carbon dioxide levels in the blood

A

Hypercapnia (hyper= excessive, capn/o=carbon dioxide)

146
Q

Difficulty breathing

147
Q

Collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of alveoli 

A

Atelectasis (atel/o=incomplete, ectasis=dilation/expansion)

148
Q

The action of material being coughed up and expelled from the lungs or the material that has expelled (sputum)

A

Expectoration (ex=out, pect/o= chest, -ation=process)

149
Q

Localized area of pus formation in the lungs

A

Pulmonary abscess

150
Q

Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway

A

Endotracheal intubation 

151
Q

Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue

152
Q

Oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue

153
Q

Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia (hypo=low, ox=oxygen, emia=blood condition)

154
Q

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi leading to inflammation and airway obstruction leading to dyspnea, wheezing and cough 

155
Q

Examination of mucus coughed up from a patient’s lung to detect infection with microorganisms

A

Sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

156
Q

Air in the pleural cavity

A

Pneumothorax 

157
Q

Dilation of the bronchi, usually with a secondary infection

A

Bronchiectasis (bronch/o= bronchi, -ectasis=dilation, widening)

158
Q

Injecting material through a bronchoscope and then removing it for analysis

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage (lavage=wash)

159
Q

Spitting up blood from the lung

A

Hemoptysis

160
Q

Laboured rapid breathing

161
Q

Surgical removal of a portion of a lung

A

Lobeectomy

162
Q

Pus

163
Q

Puncture and aspiration

A

Centesis

164
Q

Vomiting

165
Q

Inflammation of bronchi persisting overtime

A

Chronic bronchitis

166
Q

Inflammation of bronchi persisting overtime

A

Chronic bronchitis

167
Q

Inherited disorder of Mexican glands with thick mucus secretions that do not drain

A

Cystic fibrosis

168
Q

A type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos 

A

Asbestosis

169
Q

A type of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust

A

Anthracosis

170
Q

A type of pneumoconiosis caused by silica or rock dust

A

Silicosis 

171
Q

Whooping cough

172
Q

Acute infections disease of the throat caused by corynebacterium 

A

Diphtheria

173
Q

Narrowing of the trachea

A

Tracheal stenosis

174
Q

Opposite of stenosis

A

-ectasis

175
Q

Viral infection, causing bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

176
Q

Severe, sudden lung injury in adults caused by acute illness, leads to trachea, dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

177
Q

Lack of lung surfactant in newborns, causing dyspnoea and cyanosis. A.k.a. hyaline membrane disease

A

Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS,IRDS)

178
Q

Lung cancer

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

179
Q

Most common form of bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

180
Q

A form of bronchogenic carcinoma with small round oat cells

A

Small cell lung cancer

181
Q

Hoarseness; voice impairment

A

Dysphonia

182
Q

Filled with pus

183
Q

Fluid, cells, and other substances that filter from cells or capillaries and ooze into areas of inflammation

184
Q

Collection of fluid or other material within the lung seen on CXR or CT scan of lung

A

Infiltrate

185
Q

Pertaining to the lungs

186
Q

Pertaining to the lungs

The Body Systems (6 decks)

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