Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Adenoids
A
Lymphatic tissue in the Nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.
2
Q
Alveolus / Alveoli
A
Air sack in the lung 
3
Q
Apex of the lung
A
Tip or uppermost portion of the lung. Apical means pertaining to or located at the Apex.
4
Q
Base of the lung
A
Lower portion of the lung. Basilar means located at or in the base 
5
Q
Bronchioles
A
Smallest branches of the bronchi. 
6
Q
Bronchus / Bronchi
A
Branch of the trachea, that is a passageway into the lungs; bronchial tube 
7
Q
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
A
Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhale through the lungs 
8
Q
Cilia
A
Thin hairs attached to the mucus membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. 
9
Q
Diaphragm
A
Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. Contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out 
10
Q
Epiglottis
A
Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing 
11
Q
Exhalation
A
Breathing out;expiration
12
Q
Glottis
A
Slit-like opening to the larynx
13
Q
Hilum of the lung
A
The Hilum is what connects your lungs to their supporting structures and where pulmonary vessels enter an exit your lungs. Hilar means pertaining to (at) the Hilum 
14
Q
Inhalation
A
Breathing in; inspiration
15
Q
Larynx
A
Voice box
16
Q
Lobe
A
Division of a lung 
17
Q
Mediastinum
A
Region between the lungs and the chest cavity, it contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes 
18
Q
Nares
A
Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities; nostrils 
19
Q
Oxygen (O2)
A
Gas that makes up 21% of the air that we breathe. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all the body cells.

20
Q
Palatine tonsil
A
One of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth )
21
Q
Paranasal sinus
A
One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
22
Q
Parietal pleura
A
Outer layer of pleura line closer to the ribs and chest wall 
23
Q
Pharynx
A
Throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
24
Q
Pleura
A
Double layered membrane surrounding each lung 
25
Pleural cavity
Space between the layers of the pleura
26
Pulmonary parenchyma
Essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration ; bronchioles and alveoli
27
Respiration
Exchange of gases, (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries, (external respiration or breathing), and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration. )
28
Trachea
Windpipe
29
Visceral pleura
Inner layer of plural line closer to the lung tissue
30
Adenoid/o
Adenoids
31
Alveol/o
Alveolus, air sack
32
Bronch/o. Bronchi/o
Bronchial tube, bronchus
33
Bronchiol/o
Bronchiole, small bronchus
34
Capn/o
Carbon dioxide
35
Coni/o
Dust
36
Cyan/o
Blue
37
Epiglott/o
Epiglottis
38
Laryng/o
Larynx, voice box
39
Lob/o
Lobe of the lung
40
Mediastin/o
Mediastimum
41
Nas/o
Nose
42
Orth/o
Straight,upright
43
Ox/o
Oxygen
44
Pector/o
Chest
45
Pharyng/o
Pharynx, throat
46
Phon/o
Voice
47
Phren/o
Diaphragm
48
Pleur/o
Pleura
49
Pneum/o, pneumon/o
Air, lung
50
Pulmon/o
Lung
51
Rhin/o
Nose
52
Sinus/o
Sinus, cavity
53
Spir/o
Breathing
54
Tel/o
Complete
55
Thorac/o
Chest
56
Tonsill/o
Tonsils
57
Trache/o
Trachea, windpipe
58
-ema
Condition
59
-osmia
Smell
60
-pnea
Breathing
61
-ptysis
Spitting
62
-sphyxia
Pulse
63
-thorax
Pleural cavity, chest
64
Auscultation
Listening to sounds within the body 
65
Percussion 
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure 
66
Pleural rub
Scratchy sound produced by plural surfaces, rubbing against each other. (Also known as a friction rub)
67
Rales
crackling, bubbling, or rattling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli. 
68
Rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
69
Sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting. A mixture of saliva and mucus (phlegm)
70
Purulent
Containing pus
71
Stridor
An abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway. This condition indicates upper airway obstruction. 
72
Wheezes
Continuous, high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing 
73
Croup
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx , accompanied by barking cough and stridor
74
Diphtheria
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (corynebacterium)
75
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
76
Pertussis
Whooping cough, highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella Pertussis 
77
Paroxysmal
Violent, sudden
78
Asthma
Chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction
79
Bronchodilator
(Albuterol inhaler ) for asthma
80
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus, especially secondary to infection 
81
Palliative
(Non curative but treatable )
82
Chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time. Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (COPD)
83
Cystic fibrosis (CF) 
Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
84
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of Alveoli
85
Emphysema
Hyper inflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
86
Cor pulmonale
Right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure
87
Lung cancer
Malignant tumour arising from the lungs and bronchi
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
88
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

89
Anthracosis
Coal (anthrac/o)
90
Asbestosis
Asbestos/ Asbest/o
91
Silicosis
Silica (silic/o) rocks or glass
92
Pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

93
Exudate
Fluid blood cells and debris 
94
Infiltrate
Fluid filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan 
95
Bronchiopneumonia
Form of infection that produces patchy consolidations (abscesses) in the lung parenchyma.
96
Pulmonary abscess
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs 
97
Pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles 
98
Abscess
Localized collection of pus 
99
Cyanosis
Abnormal blueish skin colouration 
100
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing 
101
Expectoration
Coughing up sputum from the respiratory tract 
102
Exudate
Fluid from a tumour or infection, cells, and Pus that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation 
103
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood. -emesis=vomiting
104
Hemoptysis
Spitting up blood -ptysis=spitting
105
Hemothorax 
Blood in the pleural cavity 
106
Hypercapnia 
High carbon dioxide levels in the blood
107
Hyperpnea
Increased breathing rate 
108
Hypoxemia
Decreased oxygen levels in the blood
109
Hypoxia
Decreased oxygen levels in tissues
110
Infiltrate
Collection of fluid or other material within the lungs seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan
111
Orthopnea
Abnormal condition in which breathing is easier in the upright position. Ortho = upright
112
Paroxysmal
Pertaining to sudden occurrence such as a spasm or seizure. Oxysm/o=sudden 
113
Pleurodynia 
Pain associated with pleura. Dynia=pain, tenderness 
114
Purulent
Containing pus 
115
Rhinorrhea
Discharge of mucous from nose 
116
Tachypnea
Abnormally, rapid breathing
117
Tachypnea
Abnormally, rapid breathing
118
Hypocapnia
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
119
Hypocapnia
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
120
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, (ARDS)
Severe sudden lung injury in adults by acute illness
121
Atel/o
Incomplete
122
Ectasis
Dilation or expansion
123
Ectasis
Dilation or expansion
124
Respiratory distress syndrome, RDS,IRDS
Lack of lung surfactant in newborns
125
Pulmonary embolism PE
Embolus a travelling clot or other material travels from distant veins and lodges in vessels of lungs. may produce necrotic tissue pulmonary infarction 
126
Tuberculosis TB
Infectious inflammatory disease due to bacteria, affects lungs and organs
127
Pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue in connective tissue of lung
128
Mesothelioma
Rare malignant tumour arising in the pleura usually caused by asbestos exposure 
129
DPT is a vaccine against which infections
Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
130
Airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 
131
Stridor occurs in which upper respiratory disorder
Croup
132
Acute information and infection of the alveoli, usually caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses
Pneumonia 
133
Collection of pus in the pleural cavity
Pyothorax (py/o=pus, thorac/o=chest)
134
Rod shaped bacteria
Bacilli
135
Tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe; each leading to a separate lung
Bronchi (bronch/o, bronchi/o)
136
Breathing is easier in an upright position
Orthopnea (ortho=upright)
137
Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts or particles with chronic inflammation infections and bronchitis
Pneumnoconisis (pneum/o=lung, coni/o=dust)
138
Pulmonary parenchyma
Alveoli and bronchioles 
139
Thin hair attached to the mucus membrane lining the respiratory tract
Cilia
140
Middle region of lungs were bronchi blood vessels and nerves enter an exit lungs.
Hilum
141
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
Pulmonary embolism
142
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
Pulmonary fibrosis. (Fibr/o=fiber, -osis=abnormal condition)
143
Hyper inflation of air sacks with loss of elasticity and breakdown of alveolar walls; a type of COPD
Emphysema
144
Creation of a new opening into the trachea through the neck to establish an airway
 Tracheostomy (
145
High carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Hypercapnia (hyper= excessive, capn/o=carbon dioxide)
146
Difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
147
Collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of alveoli 
Atelectasis (atel/o=incomplete, ectasis=dilation/expansion)
148
The action of material being coughed up and expelled from the lungs or the material that has expelled (sputum)
Expectoration (ex=out, pect/o= chest, -ation=process)
149
Localized area of pus formation in the lungs
Pulmonary abscess
150
Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway
Endotracheal intubation 
151
Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue
Adenoids
152
Oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue
Tonsils
153
Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia (hypo=low, ox=oxygen, emia=blood condition)
154
Spasm and narrowing of bronchi leading to inflammation and airway obstruction leading to dyspnea, wheezing and cough 
Asthma
155
Examination of mucus coughed up from a patient’s lung to detect infection with microorganisms
Sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)
156
Air in the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax 
157
Dilation of the bronchi, usually with a secondary infection
Bronchiectasis (bronch/o= bronchi, -ectasis=dilation, widening)
158
Injecting material through a bronchoscope and then removing it for analysis
Bronchoalveolar lavage (lavage=wash)
159
Spitting up blood from the lung
Hemoptysis
160
Laboured rapid breathing
Tachypnea
161
Surgical removal of a portion of a lung
Lobeectomy
162
Pus
Py/o
163
Puncture and aspiration
Centesis
164
Vomiting
Emesis
165
Inflammation of bronchi persisting overtime
Chronic bronchitis
166
Inflammation of bronchi persisting overtime
Chronic bronchitis
167
Inherited disorder of Mexican glands with thick mucus secretions that do not drain
Cystic fibrosis
168
A type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos 
Asbestosis
169
A type of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust
Anthracosis
170
A type of pneumoconiosis caused by silica or rock dust
Silicosis 
171
Whooping cough
Pertussis
172
Acute infections disease of the throat caused by corynebacterium 
Diphtheria
173
Narrowing of the trachea
Tracheal stenosis
174
Opposite of stenosis
-ectasis
175
Viral infection, causing bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
176
Severe, sudden lung injury in adults caused by acute illness, leads to trachea, dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
177
Lack of lung surfactant in newborns, causing dyspnoea and cyanosis. A.k.a. hyaline membrane disease
Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS,IRDS)
178
Lung cancer
Bronchogenic carcinoma
179
Most common form of bronchogenic carcinoma
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
180
A form of bronchogenic carcinoma with small round oat cells
Small cell lung cancer
181
Hoarseness; voice impairment
Dysphonia
182
Filled with pus
Purulent
183
Fluid, cells, and other substances that filter from cells or capillaries and ooze into areas of inflammation
Exudate
184
Collection of fluid or other material within the lung seen on CXR or CT scan of lung
Infiltrate
185
Pertaining to the lungs
Pulmonary
186
Pertaining to the lungs
Pulmonary
