Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
What happens during exhalation?
A
- CO2 diffuses from the blood into alveoli
- Diaphragm relaxes and pulls upwards
- Intercostal muscles relax and pull downwards
- Size of chest decreases increasing the pressure inside lungs
- Air rushes out of the lungs forced out by pressure
2
Q
What happens during inhalation?
A
- Diaphragm retracts and pulls inwards
- Intercostal muscles contract and pull upwards
- Chest size increase and decreases pressure inside lungs
- Air rushes inside and fills the lungs
- Oxygen diffuses into blood in the alveoli
3
Q
How are goblet cells adapted for the respiratory system?
A
- Line the airways and secretes mucus
- Mucus traps microorganisms and dust particles from the inhaled air
- Stops them from entering the alveoli
4
Q
How are ciliated cells adapted for the respiratory system?
A
- Hair like structures on surfaces of the epithelial cells
- Beats mucus secreted by goblet cells away from alveoli and towards the throat where it’s swallowed
5
Q
How is smooth muscle adapted for the respiratory system?
A
- Made of thick and thin filaments
- Contracts to restrict or widen the airways
6
Q
How are elastic fibres adapted for the respiratory system?
A
- In the walls of the trachea, alveoli, bronchi and bronchioles
- Lungs inflate and elastic fibres stretch to breathe out
- Recoil the air when exhaling
- All tissue to passively recoil
7
Q
How is alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
A
- Lungs contains many alveoli
- Made from a single layer of cells called squamous
- Rich network of capillaries which supplies a great blood supply
- Short diffusion pathway due to being one cell thick
8
Q
How does forced expiration work?
A
- External intercostal muscles relax but internal intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage further down and in
- The action of the intercostal muscles is antagostic
9
Q
A
