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TermS Let's Goooo > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Nose

A

Nasal
Rhino

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2
Q

Septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the septum

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3
Q

Sinusotomy

A

Incision of a cavity or sinus

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4
Q

Throat

A

Pharynx → pharyngo

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5
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Adenoids →اللحمية
Removal of the adenoids

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6
Q

Peritonsillar

A

Pertaining to around the tonsils

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7
Q

Epiglotititis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

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8
Q

Laryngoplegia

A

Paralysis of the larynx (voice box)

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9
Q

Tracheoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the trachea (windpipe)

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10
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dialation/expansion of the bronchus
(Plural is branchi )

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11
Q

Bronchoscope

A

Instrument for examining the bronchus

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12
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchiole (mini bronchus)

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13
Q

Alveolar

A

Pertaining to the alveolus
Alveolus → air sac

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14
Q

Pleuroscory

A

Visual examination of the pleura
Pleura-غشاء الجنب

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15
Q

Pneumonia

A

Condition of the lung ( air)

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16
Q

Pneumolith

A

Stone/calculus in the lung

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17
Q

Pulmonologist

A

Specialist in the study of the lung

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18
Q

Anthracosis

A

Abnormal condition (increase) of the coal dust
(Black lung disease)

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19
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition (increase) of the dust in the lung

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20
Q

Cyanosis

A

Cyan → blue
Osis → abnormal condition (increase)
Cyanosis results from poor circulation or inadequate (not enough) oxygenation of the blood

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21
Q

Lobectomy

A

Excision of the Lobe

Lobectomies are performed when a malignancy is confined to a single lobe of any lobed organ, such as the lungs, liver, and thyroid gland.

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22
Q

Orthopnea

A

Ortho → straight
Pnea → breathing

Discomfort in breathing that is relieved by sitting or standing in an erect position.

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23
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Hypoxemia is an abnormal decrease of oxygen in arterial blood.

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24
Q

Chest

A

Pectoro
Stetho
Thoraco

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25
Q

Pain in the chest

A

Pectoralgia
Also called thoracalgia/ thoracodynia

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26
Q

Instrument for examining the chest

A

Stethoscope,

A stethoscope enables evaluation of sounds in the chest and the abdomen, an assessment technique known as auscultation.

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27
Q

Disease in the chest

A

Thoracopathy

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28
Q

Phrenospasm

A

Phreno → diaphragm / mind
Spasms → involuntary contraction or twitching

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29
Q

Spirometer

A

Meter → Instrument for measuring
Spire → breathe

A spirometer evaluates the movement of air into and out of the lungs
(ventilation).

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30
Q

What’s the upper respiratory tract

A

Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Adenoids
Palatine tonsils
Larynx
Epiglottis
Trachea
Branchi

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31
Q

What’s the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Branchi
Right and left lung
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Pulmonary capillaries
Mediastinum
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
Diaphragm

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32
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the blood lymphatic and immune system

A

The tonsils, adenoids, and other immune structures in the respiratory tract protect against pathogens that attempt entry through respiratory passageways.

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33
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular

A

The respiratory system provides O2 and removes CO2, from cardiac tissue.

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34
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the Digestive system

A

The respiratory system provides O, needed for digestive functions.
The respiratory system removes CO2 produced by the organs of digestion.
The respiratory and digestive systems share the pharynx, an anatomic structure of digestion.

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35
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the
Endocrine system

A

The respiratory system helps maintain a stable pH required for proper functioning of the endocrine glands.

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36
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the female reproductive system

A

Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
Fetal respiration occurs during pregnancy.

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37
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the integumentary system

A

The respiratory system furnishes O2 and disposes of CO, to maintain healthy skin.

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38
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and male reproductive system.

A

Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
The respiratory system helps maintain ph for gonadal hormone function.
Oxygen is supplied to reproductive structures to maintain viable sperm.

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39
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the musculoskeletal system

A

The respiratory system provides O2 for muscle contraction.
The respiratory system eliminates CO2 produced by muscles.
The respiratory system provides O2 for bone development.

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40
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the nervous system

A

The respiratory system provides O2, for brain, spinal cord, and sensory organ functions.
The respiratory system helps maintain a stable pH for neural function.

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41
Q

What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the urinary system

A

The respiratory system supplies O2 and removes CO2, to maintain proper functioning of urinary structures.
The respiratory system assists the
urinary structures in regulating pH by removing CO2

42
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Capnia → co2 → Carbon dioxide
Hyper → excessive above normal

43
Q

Anosmia

A

Osmia → smell

Anosmia is a loss, usually partial, of the sense of smell. It can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause.

44
Q

Dysphonia

A

Phobia → voice
Dys → bad / painful

Dysphonia usually signifies dysfunction in the muscles needed to produce sound.

45
Q

Apnea

A

Without / not breathing

46
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Ptysis → spitting
Hemo → blood

Hemoptysis is usually a sign of a serious condition of the lungs.

47
Q

Hemothorax

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall

48
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

49
Q

Dyspnea

A

Bad / painful / difficult breathing

50
Q

Eupnea

A

Good / normal breathing

51
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

52
Q

What’s a crackle sound

A

Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air
enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale

53
Q

What’s a honchos

A

Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by
secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring

54
Q

What’s a strider

A

High-pitched, harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

It may be life threatening and requires immediate intervention

55
Q

What’s a wheeze

A

Whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

56
Q

What’s an acidosis

A

acid: acid
-osis: abnormal condition; increase

Excessive acidity of body fluids

57
Q

What’s the absence of the sense of small called

A

Anosmia

58
Q

What’s an apnea

A

Disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing the patient to awaken, gasping for air;
Also called sleep apnea

59
Q

What’s a (c.s.a)

A

Central sleep apnea

A form of sleep apnea
that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

60
Q

What’s an OSA

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

Most common form of sleep apnea caused by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs

Read

Causes of Oz include enlarged
tonsils or adenoids or decreased muscle tone of the soft palate that causes it to collapse over the airway, blocking air passages and resulting in loud snoring. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is ventilatory support used to keep airways open|

61
Q

What’s a mixed sleep apnea

A

Type of sleep apned Shat occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously

62
Q

What’s an atelectessis

A

atel: incomplete; imperfect
-ectasis: dilation, expansion

Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung

63
Q

What’s a coryza

A

Acute inflammation of the membranes the nose; also called rhinitis

64
Q

What’s a croup

A

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs

Read
Acute laryngotracheitis and acute laryngotracheobronchitis,
indicate, croup generally affects the larynx and trachea, although
this illness may also extend to the bronchi

65
Q

What’s a cystic fibrosis (C. F )

A

cyst: bladder
-ic: pertaining to
fibr: fiber, fibrous tissue
-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas

66
Q

What’s a deviated nasal septum

A

Displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleed

67
Q

What’s an epiglottitis

A

Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottie struc-
tures that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2 and 12 years

68
Q

What’s an epistaxis

A

Nasal hemorrhage; also called nosebleed

69
Q

Hypoxemia

A

hyp : under, below, deficient
ox. oxygen
-emia: blood conditio

Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory
impairment and commonly causes hypoxia

70
Q

What’s a hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in the body
Or a region of the body that commonly
causes cyanosis

71
Q

What’s an influenza

A

Acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs; also called flu

72
Q

What’s a pertussis

A

Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound: also called whooping cough

73
Q

What’s a pleural effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

74
Q

What’s an empyema

A

Exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in the pleural cavity, commonly As : result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs; also called pyothorax

75
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery

76
Q

What’s a pleurisy

A

pleur: pleura
-ily: state of, condition

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

Excessive fluid in the lungs induces coughing and dyspnea.

77
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

pulmon: lung
pertaining to
embol: plug
-ism: condition

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles. and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body.

Pulmonary embolism is commonly caused by a deep
thrombosis (DVT) that travels from the leg to the lungs

78
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months; also called crib death

79
Q

What’s a tuberculoses TB

A

tubercul: little swelling
-osis: abnormal condition; Increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats

80
Q

What’s mateux test

A

Tuberculosis screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to tuberculosis

81
Q

Oximetry

A

ox/i: oxygen
-metry: act of measuring

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen;
also called pulse oximetry

82
Q

Polysomnography

A

poly-: many, much
somn/o: sleep
-graphy: process of recording

Test of sleep cycles and stages using electroencephalograms (EEGs), which are continuous recordings of brain waves, as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera

83
Q

Pulmonary function tests

A

Series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
P. F. Ts

84
Q

Spirometry

A

spir/o: breathe
-metry: act of measuring
PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and Ont of the lang

85
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the bronchus

86
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors foreign bodies…

87
Q

Mediastinoscopy

A

mediastin/o: mediastinum
-scopy: visual examination

Visual examination of the mediastinal structure:
structures, including the heart,
trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

88
Q

Arterial blood gas

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and co2 in arterial blood
ABg

89
Q

Sputum culture

A

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

90
Q

Sweat test

A

Measurement of the amount of salt Nacl in sweet

91
Q

Chest X-ray (cxr)

A

Radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax
When CXR results are inconclusive, other imaging tests are performed.

92
Q

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (ctpa)

A

tom/o: to cut
-graphy: process of recording
pulmon: lung
-ary: pertaining to
angi/o: vessel (usually blood
or lymph)
-graphy: process of recording

Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

93
Q

Ventilation _ perfusion (v.q) scan

A

Nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs; also called V-Q lung scan

94
Q

Pleurectomy

A

pleur: pleura
-ectomy: excision, removal

Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

95
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

pneumon: air; lung
-ectomy: excision, removal

Excision of a lung or portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

96
Q

Septoplasty

A

sept/o: septum
-plasty: surgical repair

97
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis

98
Q

Tracheostomy

A

trache/o: trachea
-stom y- forming an opening (mouth)

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

99
Q

Aerosol therapy

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

100
Q

Antial savage

A

Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management

101
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

102
Q

Postural drainage

A

Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier

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