Respiratory System Flashcards
Nose
Nasal
Rhino
Septoplasty
Surgical repair of the septum
Sinusotomy
Incision of a cavity or sinus
Throat
Pharynx → pharyngo
Adenoidectomy
Adenoids →اللحمية
Removal of the adenoids
Peritonsillar
Pertaining to around the tonsils
Epiglotititis
Inflammation of the epiglottis
Laryngoplegia
Paralysis of the larynx (voice box)
Tracheoplasty
Surgical repair of the trachea (windpipe)
Bronchiectasis
Dialation/expansion of the bronchus
(Plural is branchi )
Bronchoscope
Instrument for examining the bronchus
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the bronchiole (mini bronchus)
Alveolar
Pertaining to the alveolus
Alveolus → air sac
Pleuroscory
Visual examination of the pleura
Pleura-غشاء الجنب
Pneumonia
Condition of the lung ( air)
Pneumolith
Stone/calculus in the lung
Pulmonologist
Specialist in the study of the lung
Anthracosis
Abnormal condition (increase) of the coal dust
(Black lung disease)
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition (increase) of the dust in the lung
Cyanosis
Cyan → blue
Osis → abnormal condition (increase)
Cyanosis results from poor circulation or inadequate (not enough) oxygenation of the blood
Lobectomy
Excision of the Lobe
Lobectomies are performed when a malignancy is confined to a single lobe of any lobed organ, such as the lungs, liver, and thyroid gland.
Orthopnea
Ortho → straight
Pnea → breathing
Discomfort in breathing that is relieved by sitting or standing in an erect position.
Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia is an abnormal decrease of oxygen in arterial blood.
Chest
Pectoro
Stetho
Thoraco
Pain in the chest
Pectoralgia
Also called thoracalgia/ thoracodynia
Instrument for examining the chest
Stethoscope,
A stethoscope enables evaluation of sounds in the chest and the abdomen, an assessment technique known as auscultation.
Disease in the chest
Thoracopathy
Phrenospasm
Phreno → diaphragm / mind
Spasms → involuntary contraction or twitching
Spirometer
Meter → Instrument for measuring
Spire → breathe
A spirometer evaluates the movement of air into and out of the lungs
(ventilation).
What’s the upper respiratory tract
Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Adenoids
Palatine tonsils
Larynx
Epiglottis
Trachea
Branchi
What’s the lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Branchi
Right and left lung
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Pulmonary capillaries
Mediastinum
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
Diaphragm
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the blood lymphatic and immune system
The tonsils, adenoids, and other immune structures in the respiratory tract protect against pathogens that attempt entry through respiratory passageways.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular
The respiratory system provides O2 and removes CO2, from cardiac tissue.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the Digestive system
The respiratory system provides O, needed for digestive functions.
The respiratory system removes CO2 produced by the organs of digestion.
The respiratory and digestive systems share the pharynx, an anatomic structure of digestion.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the
Endocrine system
The respiratory system helps maintain a stable pH required for proper functioning of the endocrine glands.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the female reproductive system
Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
Fetal respiration occurs during pregnancy.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the integumentary system
The respiratory system furnishes O2 and disposes of CO, to maintain healthy skin.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and male reproductive system.
Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
The respiratory system helps maintain ph for gonadal hormone function.
Oxygen is supplied to reproductive structures to maintain viable sperm.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the musculoskeletal system
The respiratory system provides O2 for muscle contraction.
The respiratory system eliminates CO2 produced by muscles.
The respiratory system provides O2 for bone development.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the nervous system
The respiratory system provides O2, for brain, spinal cord, and sensory organ functions.
The respiratory system helps maintain a stable pH for neural function.
What’s the relationship between the respiratory system and the urinary system
The respiratory system supplies O2 and removes CO2, to maintain proper functioning of urinary structures.
The respiratory system assists the
urinary structures in regulating pH by removing CO2
Hypercapnia
Capnia → co2 → Carbon dioxide
Hyper → excessive above normal
Anosmia
Osmia → smell
Anosmia is a loss, usually partial, of the sense of smell. It can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause.
Dysphonia
Phobia → voice
Dys → bad / painful
Dysphonia usually signifies dysfunction in the muscles needed to produce sound.
Apnea
Without / not breathing
Hemoptysis
Ptysis → spitting
Hemo → blood
Hemoptysis is usually a sign of a serious condition of the lungs.
Hemothorax
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
Dyspnea
Bad / painful / difficult breathing
Eupnea
Good / normal breathing
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
What’s a crackle sound
Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air
enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale
What’s a honchos
Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by
secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring
What’s a strider
High-pitched, harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
It may be life threatening and requires immediate intervention
What’s a wheeze
Whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
What’s an acidosis
acid: acid
-osis: abnormal condition; increase
Excessive acidity of body fluids
What’s the absence of the sense of small called
Anosmia
What’s an apnea
Disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing the patient to awaken, gasping for air;
Also called sleep apnea
What’s a (c.s.a)
Central sleep apnea
A form of sleep apnea
that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing
What’s an OSA
Obstructive sleep apnea
Most common form of sleep apnea caused by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs
Read
Causes of Oz include enlarged
tonsils or adenoids or decreased muscle tone of the soft palate that causes it to collapse over the airway, blocking air passages and resulting in loud snoring. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is ventilatory support used to keep airways open|
What’s a mixed sleep apnea
Type of sleep apned Shat occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously
What’s an atelectessis
atel: incomplete; imperfect
-ectasis: dilation, expansion
Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung
What’s a coryza
Acute inflammation of the membranes the nose; also called rhinitis
What’s a croup
Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs
Read
Acute laryngotracheitis and acute laryngotracheobronchitis,
indicate, croup generally affects the larynx and trachea, although
this illness may also extend to the bronchi
What’s a cystic fibrosis (C. F )
cyst: bladder
-ic: pertaining to
fibr: fiber, fibrous tissue
-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas
What’s a deviated nasal septum
Displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleed
What’s an epiglottitis
Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottie struc-
tures that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2 and 12 years
What’s an epistaxis
Nasal hemorrhage; also called nosebleed
Hypoxemia
hyp : under, below, deficient
ox. oxygen
-emia: blood conditio
Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory
impairment and commonly causes hypoxia
What’s a hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency in the body
Or a region of the body that commonly
causes cyanosis
What’s an influenza
Acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs; also called flu
What’s a pertussis
Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound: also called whooping cough
What’s a pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs
What’s an empyema
Exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in the pleural cavity, commonly As : result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs; also called pyothorax
Pneumothorax
Presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery
What’s a pleurisy
pleur: pleura
-ily: state of, condition
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
Excessive fluid in the lungs induces coughing and dyspnea.
Pulmonary embolism
pulmon: lung
pertaining to
embol: plug
-ism: condition
Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles. and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body.
Pulmonary embolism is commonly caused by a deep
thrombosis (DVT) that travels from the leg to the lungs
Sudden infant death syndrome
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months; also called crib death
What’s a tuberculoses TB
tubercul: little swelling
-osis: abnormal condition; Increase (used primarily with blood cells)
Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats
What’s mateux test
Tuberculosis screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to tuberculosis
Oximetry
ox/i: oxygen
-metry: act of measuring
Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen;
also called pulse oximetry
Polysomnography
poly-: many, much
somn/o: sleep
-graphy: process of recording
Test of sleep cycles and stages using electroencephalograms (EEGs), which are continuous recordings of brain waves, as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera
Pulmonary function tests
Series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
P. F. Ts
Spirometry
spir/o: breathe
-metry: act of measuring
PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and Ont of the lang
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchus
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors foreign bodies…
Mediastinoscopy
mediastin/o: mediastinum
-scopy: visual examination
Visual examination of the mediastinal structure:
structures, including the heart,
trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
Arterial blood gas
Test that measures dissolved oxygen and co2 in arterial blood
ABg
Sputum culture
Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
Sweat test
Measurement of the amount of salt Nacl in sweet
Chest X-ray (cxr)
Radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax
When CXR results are inconclusive, other imaging tests are performed.
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (ctpa)
tom/o: to cut
-graphy: process of recording
pulmon: lung
-ary: pertaining to
angi/o: vessel (usually blood
or lymph)
-graphy: process of recording
Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
Ventilation _ perfusion (v.q) scan
Nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs; also called V-Q lung scan
Pleurectomy
pleur: pleura
-ectomy: excision, removal
Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
Pneumonectomy
pneumon: air; lung
-ectomy: excision, removal
Excision of a lung or portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
Septoplasty
sept/o: septum
-plasty: surgical repair
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis
Tracheostomy
trache/o: trachea
-stom y- forming an opening (mouth)
Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
Aerosol therapy
Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
Antial savage
Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management
Endotracheal intubation
Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
Postural drainage
Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier
