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SBI3UI > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs in the respiratory system responsible for?

A

gas exchange between the air, lungs, blood and cells of the body

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2
Q

How does the respiratory system move gas molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration?

A

Through a process of diffusion

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3
Q

What are the 5 stages of Respiration?

A

breathing, external respiration, circulation, internal respiration, cellular respiration

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4
Q

What are the two components of breathing?

A

Inhalation and exhalation

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5
Q

What is external respiration?

A

exchanging oxygen from the lungs to the blood + exchanging carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs

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6
Q

How does external respiration occur?

A

Through diffusion

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7
Q

What is circulation?

A

the movement of dissolved gases by the blood to and from cells around our body

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8
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

exchanging carbon dioxide and oxygen between our blood and the cells in our body

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9
Q

How does internal respiration occur?

A

Through diffusion

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10
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Nutrients being broken down in the mitochondria and released in the cell

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11
Q

What characteristics must the respiratory surface have?

A

thin walled, moist, contact with oxygen-rich environment (alveoli), close to transport system, large surface area

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12
Q

What two main things does the human respiratory system consist of?

A

Passageways that transport air to and from the lungs, air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs (alveoli)

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13
Q

What are the main 8 parts of the respiratory system?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus/bronchioles, alveoli

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14
Q

What role does the nose play in the respiratory system?

A

primary entrance for air, nose hairs act as a filter for foreign matter to ensure air entering our lungs have less debris

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15
Q

What role does the nasal cavity play in the respiratory system?

A

the nasal conchae divides the cavity into two passageways, mucous membrane dilters, warms and moistens incoming air, particles are trappled in the mucous and hairs

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16
Q

What role does the sinuses play in the respiratory system?

A

spaces in the bone of the skull tha topen into the nasal cavity, lined with mucous membrane

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17
Q

What role does the Pharynx play in the respiratory system?

A

common passageway for air and food

18
Q

Where is the pharynx located?

A

behind your mouth (back-up airway), between nasal cavity and larynx

19
Q

What role does the larynx play in the respiratory system?

A

passageway for air, prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea. contains vocal chords which produce sounds by vibrating as air passes

20
Q

What is the larynx made of?

A

Muscles and cartilage, an enlargement at the top of the trachea

21
Q

What role does the trachea play in the respiratory system?

A

long u-shaped tube that connects your larynx to your lungs. divides into right and left bronchi, mucous lining and cilia filters the air

22
Q

What role does the bronchus/bronchioles play in the respiratory system?

A

branching tubes that gradually become smaller to increase surface area for gas exchange. lined with mucous that filters foreign particles and dissolves gases

23
Q

What role does the alveoli play in the respiratory system?

A

basic respiratory units, where gas exchange takes place (through diffusion).

24
Q

Where is the alveoli located?

A

at the end of the bronchioles

25
Q

How thick is the alveoli

A

one cell thick sac

26
Q

How many and what lobes is the right lung composed of?

A

3 loves, superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe

27
Q

How many and what lobes is the left lung composed of?

A

2 lobes, superior love and inferior lobe

28
Q

Where are the lungs housed?

A

Inside of the pleural sac (a protective membrane)

29
Q

What is passive diffusion?

A

Oxygen dissolved in water, moves from high concentration in the alveoli to low contentration in the blood

30
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion through special pathways that inrich our blood with oxygen and discrete toxic carbon dioxide from our blood

31
Q

How is oxyhemoglobin formed?

A

Oxygen in our blood forms a bond with iron atoms in the hemoglobin (protein) on the red blood cell

32
Q

What is the first mode of carbon dioxide transport

A

Carbon Dioxide bonds with hemoglobin in the red blood cell (forming carboxyhemoglobin)

33
Q

What is the second mode of carbon dioxide transport?

A

CO2 conbines with water to form carbonic acid which seperates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate

34
Q

What is the third mode of carbon dioxide transport?

A

Carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood plasma

35
Q

What are the two mechanisms of breathing?

A

Inspiration and expiration

36
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Inhaling, internal intercostal muscles contract, external intercostal muscles relax, diaphram contracts

37
Q

What is expiration?

A

Exhalation, internal intercostal muscles relax, external intercostal muscles contract, diaphram relaxes

38
Q

What gases are in the air you inhale?

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, trace amounts of other gases

39
Q

What are the 5 different volumes to determine efficiency of someone’s respiration process?

A

Tidal volume, Inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, residual colume, vital capacity

40
Q

What is the function of your respiratory centre?

A

It sends impulses through nerves to breathing muscles, adjusts rate and depth of your breathing

41
Q

What are your breathing muscles?

A

diagram, intercostal muscles

42
Q

What 4 factors affect your breathing?

A

Carbon dioxide levels, oxygen levels, movement, chemicals

SBI3UI (2 decks)

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