Accessory Organs of the Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

What does sodium bicarbonate do in the pancreas?

Answer 1

Neutralizes stomach acids

Question 2

What three digestive enzymes does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 2

Lipase, amylase and trypsin

Question 3

What other two things does a pancreas secrete? What do they do?

Answer 3

Insulin and glucogon, they respond to your sugar levels

Question 4

What does insulin do?

Answer 4

Makes your cell membrane more permeable to glucose

Question 5

How does insulin help lower your blood sugar level?

Answer 5

It increases metabolism of carbohydrates, which lowers blood sugar levels

Question 6

What does glucogon do?

Answer 6

Stimulaes the breakdown of glycogen in the liver

Question 7

How does glucogon help raise blood sugar?

Answer 7

Glycogen breakdown in the liver releases sugar back into the bloodstream (glugogon stimulates this)

Question 8

What are the 5 major functions of the liver?

Answer 8

Filtration, metabolism and detoxification, digestion, protein synthesis, storage

Question 9

Explain filtration in the liver

Answer 9

breaks down harmful substances in the blood, by products of this are excreted into the bile or blood. By products usually include ammonia, the liver converts this into a less toxic substance (urea) which leaves our body through urine.

Question 10

Explain metabolism and detoxification in the liver

Answer 10

the liver uses enzymes to remove things like drugs and alcohol (foregin substances) before it recheas the digestive tract

Question 11

Explain digestion in the liver

Answer 11

The liver produces bile (an emulsifying agent), which helps with physical digestion of fats, when released into the small intestine

Question 12

Explain protein synthesis in the liver

Answer 12

produces a clotting factor (a protein) called albumin. the liver also

Question 13

Explain storage in the liver

Answer 13

the liver stores and releases vitamins and minerals into the blood.

Question 14

What are the 3 main categories of nutrients?

Answer 14

Macronutrients (macromolecules), micronutrients, special nutrients

Question 15

What are macronutrients?

Answer 15

the nutrients we need in larger quantities, polymer made of monomers (linked together). form structures in the body to carry out cellular activities.

Question 16

What are the 4 classes of macromolecules?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

Question 17

What are carbohydrates polymers of?

Answer 17

sugars

Question 18

What are lipids polymers of?

Answer 18

fatty acids

Question 19

What are proteins polymers of?

Answer 19

amino acids

Question 20

What are nucleic acids polymers of?

Answer 20

nucleotides

Question 21

How are monomers linked together in macronutrients?

Answer 21

through covalet bonds

Question 22

How do our cells break and build macromolecules?

Answer 22

through the use of enzymes

Question 23

What are micronutrients?

Answer 23

needed in our body in small amounts, cannot be produced by our body. must be consumed by food or supplements

Question 24

What are the two classes of micronutrients?

Answer 24

Minerals and vitamins

Question 25

What are minerals?

Answer 25

inorganic substances (iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium). small amounts are needed for things like nerve impulses and muscle contraction

Question 26

What are vitamins?

Answer 26

Organic molecules that act as catalysts. essential for metabolic reactions such as converting protein and carbohydrates into energy

Question 27

What are catalysts?

Answer 27

substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change

Question 28

What are special nutrients?

Answer 28

things that are required by all living things, such as water. most abundant molecule in a cell (water makes up 60% of the human body)

Question 29

What are the three functions of water in the body?

Answer 29

intercellular and extracellular carrier for dissolved molecules for the cell, medium for chemical reactions such as metabolism, lubricant between organ tissues and individual cells (prevents damage and improves movement)

Question 30

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 30

Provides all essetian macromolecules, mineral, vitamins and special nutrients