Respiratory System

Question 1

Cardio-respiratory System

Answer 1

• Heart and blood vessels working with the respiratory system
• Carries oxygen to the muscles
• Remove carbon dioxide

Question 2

Respiratory Pathway

Answer 2

• Air is taken in through nose/mouth
• Passes through pharynx into trachea which forms a single airway
• Divides into left and right bronchus
• Sub-divides into smaller branches (bronchioles) which carry air to the alveoli

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

Where gas exchange takes place.

Question 4

Air Pressure

Answer 4

The number of air particles in a volume or space

Question 5

Gas Exchange

Answer 5

• O2 diffuses from the alveoli across the capillaries into the red blood cells.
• CO2 diffuses from the red blood cells across the capillaries into the alveoli

Question 6

Breathing Mechanism

Answer 6

• Lungs are made of elastic tissue
• The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are the primary muscles

Question 7

Inhalation

Answer 7

• External intercoastal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out.
• Diaphragm is contracted and flattened.
• Chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to decrease.
• Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure.

Question 8

Exhalation

Answer 8

• External intercoastal muscles are signalled by the brain to relax and the rib cage returns to normal.
• Diaphragm is signalled by the brain to relax which push’s it up.
• Chest cavity gets smaller causing pressure in the lungs to increase.
• Air moves out of the lungs to the lower outside pressure.

Question 9

Neural Control

Answer 9

Controlled by neurons

Question 10

Voluntary control

Answer 10

Breathing can be controlled voluntarily by the cerebral cortex

Question 11

Involuntary Control

Answer 11

Breathing is controlled automatically by the respiratory center

Question 12

Chemical Control

Answer 12

• Chemoreceptors are located in the aorta, carotid artery and medulla oblongata
• Detect change in blood CO2 concentration
• Detect change in pH (acidity)

Question 13

Right Side of Heart

Answer 13

• Blood returning from body
• Arrive through veins
• Deoxygenated
• Pumped to lungs

Question 14

Left Side of Heart

Answer 14

• Blood from lungs
• Oxygenated
• Pumped to body via arteries
• Thicker chamber walls

Question 15

Left & Right Atrium

Answer 15

• Smaller (receiving) chambers
• Fill with blood
• Contract to push blood through valves
• Into relaxed ventricles

Question 16

Left And Right Ventricles

Answer 16

• Larger (discharging) chambers
• Left ventricle pumps blood to body
• Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
• Left ventricle is more muscular

Question 17

Four valves

Answer 17

• Mitral (bicuspid) valve
• Tricuspid valve
• Aortic (semilunar) valve
• Pulmonary (semilunar) valve

Question 18

Aorta

Answer 18

• Largest artery in the body
• Brings blood from heart to the body * Blood pressure is very high
• Aorta needs to be very elastic

Question 19

Vena Cava

Answer 19

• One blood vessel but referred to as superior and inferior
• Superior vena cava brings blood from above the heart
• Inferior vena cava brings blood from below the heart

Question 20

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 20

• Brings blood from lungs to heart
• Only veins that carry oxygenated blood

Question 21

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 21

• Brings blood from heart to lungs
• Only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood

Question 22

Plasma

Answer 22

• Transports nutrients and hormones
• Transports waste products

Question 23

White Blood Cells

Answer 23

• Fights infection and disease

Question 24

Platelets

Answer 24

• Responsible for clotting the blood

Question 25

Red Blood Cells

Answer 25

• Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Produced in the bone marrow