Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Cardio-respiratory System
A
- Heart and blood vessels working with the respiratory system
- Carries oxygen to the muscles
- Remove carbon dioxide
2
Q
Respiratory Pathway
A
- Air is taken in through nose/mouth
- Passes through pharynx into trachea which forms a single airway
- Divides into left and right bronchus
- Sub-divides into smaller branches (bronchioles) which carry air to the alveoli
3
Q
Alveoli
A
Where gas exchange takes place.
4
Q
Air Pressure
A
The number of air particles in a volume or space
5
Q
Gas Exchange
A
- O2 diffuses from the alveoli across the capillaries into the red blood cells.
- CO2 diffuses from the red blood cells across the capillaries into the alveoli
6
Q
Breathing Mechanism
A
- Lungs are made of elastic tissue
- The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are the primary muscles
7
Q
Inhalation
A
- External intercoastal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out.
- Diaphragm is contracted and flattened.
- Chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to decrease.
- Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure.
8
Q
Exhalation
A
- External intercoastal muscles are signalled by the brain to relax and the rib cage returns to normal.
- Diaphragm is signalled by the brain to relax which push’s it up.
- Chest cavity gets smaller causing pressure in the lungs to increase.
- Air moves out of the lungs to the lower outside pressure.
9
Q
Neural Control
A
Controlled by neurons
10
Q
Voluntary control
A
Breathing can be controlled voluntarily by the cerebral cortex
11
Q
Involuntary Control
A
Breathing is controlled automatically by the respiratory center
12
Q
Chemical Control
A
- Chemoreceptors are located in the aorta, carotid artery and medulla oblongata
- Detect change in blood CO2 concentration
- Detect change in pH (acidity)
13
Q
Right Side of Heart
A
- Blood returning from body
- Arrive through veins
- Deoxygenated
- Pumped to lungs
14
Q
Left Side of Heart
A
- Blood from lungs
- Oxygenated
- Pumped to body via arteries
- Thicker chamber walls
15
Q
Left & Right Atrium
A
- Smaller (receiving) chambers
- Fill with blood
- Contract to push blood through valves
- Into relaxed ventricles
