Respiratory system Flashcards
Ventilation
The moving of air through the conducting passages between the atmosphere and the lungs. This is also known as breathing
External respiration
The exchange of air in lungs. Oxygen is inhaled into the air spaces of the lungs and immediately passes into tiny blood vessels (capillaries) surrounding the air spaces. Carbon Dioxide passes from the capillary blood vessels to into the air spaces of the lungs to be exhaled
Transportation
The oxygen is transported throughout the body by the blood vessels.
Internal Respiration
Oxygen passes out of the capillaries into tissue cells. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from tissue cells into the capillaries to travel to the lungs for exhalation /
Explain gas exchange
De-Oxygenated blood enters the capillaries, oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillary causing the blood to become oxygenated. As the blood moves through the tissues it picks up carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism and the process starts over
Explain smell
The nasal cavity has olfactory receptor cells. The ends of the dendrites of the receptors project cilia that detect chemicals dissolved in fluid around them as smells. The sensory impulse travels up the receptors and eventually reaches the olfactory bulb so the brain can process the smell
Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)
Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time. Infection and cigarette smoke are factors. Can have secretion of mucus, productive cough and obstruction of respiratory passages.
Asthma
- Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema, constriction and increased mucus production.
- Wheezing.
- Can be triggered by strong odors, exercise, cold air, stress, or allergens
Cystic Fibrosis
- Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mutinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
- Affects the epithelium of the respiratory tract.
-No known cure.
Pneumonia
- Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
- Rhonchi
Emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
Thoracentisis
A puncture into the back, between the ribs that drains the thoracic cavity of fluid. They can pull around 1-2 liters of fluid from a person with this
Bronchoscopy
A camera goes through your respiratory tract, to your lungs to grab/scrape tissue for biopsy/lab purposes
Wheezing
continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
Rhonchi
Loud rumbling sounds heard during breathing. Usually more “wet sounding”
Stridor
Strained high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by a obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
