Respiratory System Flashcards
ASTHMA
Chronic inflammation disease
-airway inflammation
* triggered by allergens, smoke and viruses
Treatment can be targeted at
Reducing exposure to allergens
Anti inflammatory agents
Agents that prevent mast cell degranulation
Agents that block the action of certain mediators or cytokines
Agents that reduce the amount of IgE bound to mast cells
Agents that cause direct smooth muscle relaxation
Agents that inhibit the effect of Ach from vagal motot nerves
Asthma treatment
Controllers:
1. Anti inflammatory agents= cornerstone. Controls the underlying inflammation and constriction
2. Sustained bronchodilation= must be taken everyday
Relievers
*pt only uses during acute episode
Anti inflammatory action to prevent asthma attacks
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
Leukotriene modifiers
Oral corticosteroids (used as the last resort)
Sustained bronchodilators action
Long acting B-2 agonists LABA
Sustained release theophylline preparations
Relievers
For quick relief of symptoms and use in acute attacks as PRN dosage only
Short acting B-2 agonists SABA
Anti Cholinergics
Routes of administration
Inhalations
Orally
Parenterally
Advantage of inhaled therapy
Direct airway delivery
Higher local concentrations
Significantly less systemic side effects
Inhaled formulations
Dry powder inhaler
Pressured metered dose inhaler
Anti inflammatory drugs
Corticosteroids
Methylxanthine/ theophylline
Leukotriene antagonist
Inhalation corticosteroids
Suppress gene transcription for:
Phospholipase
COX
IL-2-receptors
Decrease inflammation response
Bronchodilators drugs
Beta-2-agonists
Anti Cholinergic
Theophylline
Bronchodilators site of action
Smooth muscle cell
Short acting B2 agonists
Bind to B2 receptors
Stimulate adenylyn cyclase
Increase cAmp, causing bronchodilation
Inhaled B2 agonist
Drug to relieve bronchospasm during acute exacerbations
Fast onset
Sustained for 4 hours or longer
Incredible use is an indication of deterioration of asthma control
