Respiratory System Flashcards
Major components of the respiratory system cross the head and neck
Nose
Paranasal sinuses
Larynx
Trachea
The nose consists of__ and. __
External nose
Nasal cavity
Division of nasal septum
Right and left halves
Attached to the forehead by the root (bridge) of the nose.
External nose
Two elliptical, external orifices are called the ___ which are separated from each other by the nasal septum.
Nostrils
Peripheral bony elements of the external nose
Nasal bone
Frontal process of the maxillae
Nasal part of the frontal
____. Completes the framework of the external nose. They are plates of hyaline cartilage that made up the majority of the external nose
Nasal cartilages
Primary muscles of the external nose
Nasalis (compressor naris)
Dilator naris
Levator labii superioris alaque nasi
Supplies the skim and the external nose
Ophthalmic and maxillary A
Supplies the skin of the ala and the lower part of the septum
Facial A
Innervates the bridge and crest of nose. Supplies the side of the nose
Infratrochlear & external nasa of CN V1
Infraorbital branch CN V2
The nasal cavity extends from the ___ in front of the ___
Nostrils , choanae
The nasal ______ is the area of the nasal cavity lying just inside the nostril
Vestibule
The _____ is the entrance to the middle meatus and sits just superior to the vestibule. The nasal septum divides the cavity into ___ and ___ halves.
Atrium , right and left
Components of the floor of the nasal cavity
Palatine process of the maxilla and
the horizontal plate of the palatine bone
Three projections of the lateral wall
Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae
Superior and middle conchae are parts of the ___ whereas the inferior concha is an ___
Ethmoid bone , individual bone
Space below the concha
Meatus
____ is a small area above the superior concha. It receives the opening of the ____
Sphenoethmoidal recess , sphenoid air sinus
___ lies below the superior concha. Receives the openings of the _____
Superior meatus , posterior ethmoid sinuses
__ lies below the middle concha. It has a rounded swelling called the ___ that is formed by the ____ which open on its upper border
Middle meatus , bulla ethmoidalis , middle ethmoidal air sinus
Curved opening that lies just below the bulla
Hiatus semilunaris
The anterior end of the hiatus leads into a funnel-shaped channel called the _____, which is continuous with the _____
Infundibulum , frontal sinus
The ______ lies below the inferior concha and receives the opening of the lower end of the ______
Inferior meatus , nasolacrimal duct
Medial wall
Upper portion:
Lower part:
Anterior part:
Rarely line in the midline :
Vertical (perpendicular) plate of the ethmoid
Vomer
Septal cartilage
Septum
Lined with modified skin and has coarse hairs
Vestibule
A small olfactory region above the superior concha is lined with olfactory mucous membrane and contains nerve endings sensitive to the?
Reception of smell
Roof of the nasal cavity
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Superior surface of the superior concha
Superior edge of the nasal septum
The presence of warm blood in the venous plexuses serves to warm the ____ as it enters the respiratory system.
Inspired air
The presence of mucus on the surfaces of the conchae moistens the area and traps foreign particles and organisms in the inspired air, which are then swallowed and destroyed by ___
Gastric acid
Nerves of general sensation are branches of the
Ophthalmic division and the maxillary division of CN V
Nasal cavity blood supply
Maxillary A
Important branch:
Sphenopalatine A
— anastomose with the septal branch of the superior labial branch of the facial A
Nasal cavity lymph drainage
Vestibule - submandibular nodes
Remainder of nasal cavity - upper deep cervical nodes
paranasal sinuses are cavities in the interior of the
Maxilla
Fromal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Paranasal sinuses are lined with mucoperiosteum and filled with air; they communicate with the nasal cavity through relatively ?
Small apertures
Middle meatus through hiatus semilunaris what sinus
Maxillary sinus
Middle meatus via infundibulum
Frontal sinus
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Sphenoid sinus
Infundibulum and into the middle meatus
Anterior group of ethmoid sinus
Middle meatus on or above bulla ethmoidalis
Middle group of ethmoid sinus
Superior meatus
Posterior group of ethmoidal sinus
Paranasal sinuses function to decrease the weight of the skull by ___ and give resonance to the voice.
7 to 20%
T or F: The quality of the voice is markedly changed when the apertures of the sinuses are blocked or they become filled with fluid.
True
The mucus produced by the mucous membrane is moved into the nose by
Ciliary action of the columnar cells
Drainage of the mucus is also achieved by the siphon action created during the
Blowing of the nose
Maxillary and sphenoid sinuses are present in a rudimentary from at birth; they enlarge appreciably after ?
8th year and achieve full form in adolescence.
Expansion of the ______ is one of the factors responsible for the significant postnatal growth of the facial skeleton.
Paranasal sinus
Is pyramidal in shape and located within the body of the maxilla behind the skin of the cheek. The floor of the orbit forms the roof, and the floor is related to the roots of the premolars and molar teeth.
Maxillary sinus
contains the two frontal sinuses. They are separated from each other by a bony septum. Each sinus is roughly triangular, extending upward above the medial end of the eyebrow and backward into the medial part of the roof of the orbit.
Frontal sinuses
lie within the body of the sphenoid bone. A thin bony septum separates the sinuses.
Sphenoid sinus
Three pairs of ethmoid sinus __ , __ ,__ between the nose and the orbit. They are separated from the orbit by an extremely thin plate of bone, and infection can readily spread from the sinuses into the orbit.
Anterior, middle and posterior
