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Respiratory System > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

provides a protective sphincter at the inlet of the air passages and is responsible for voice production.

It is situated below the tongue and hyoid bone and between the great blood vessels of the neck and lies at the level of the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae

A

Larynx

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2
Q

Is larynx continuous with the trachea?

A

Yes

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3
Q

The larynx is covered in front by the ____ and at the sides by the ____

A

Infrahyoid muscles , thryoid gland,

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4
Q

How many hyaline cartilage elements make up the skeleton of the larynx

A

Nine hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

largest cartilage of the larynx and consists of two laminae that meet in the midline in the deep-set

A

Thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

projects forward from the apex of the thyroid notch (adam’s apple)

A

Laryngeal prominence

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7
Q

This cartilage lies below the thyroid cartilage and is shaped like a signet ring, having a broad lamina behind and a shallow arch in front

A

Cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

The cricoid cartilage has an _____ on each side of the lateral surface for articulation with the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. Posteriorly, the lamina has an articular facet on its upper border on each side for articulation with the _______

A

Articular facet , arytenoid cartilage

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9
Q

Paired, small, pyramid-shaped arytenoid cartilages located at the back of the larynx articulate with the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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10
Q

Each arytenoid cartilage has an apex above that articulates with the?

A

Small corniculate cartilage

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11
Q

The base of the arytenoid cartilage, articulates with the ____ , and a _____ that projects forward and gives attachment to the vocal ligament.

A

Lamina of cricoid cartilage , vocal process

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12
Q

projects laterally gives attachment to the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles.

A

Muscular process

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13
Q

___ Two small, conical-shaped corniculate cartilages articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. They give attachment to the ___

A

Corniculate cartilages , aryepiglottic fold

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14
Q

These two small rod-shaped cartilages are in the aryepiglottic folds and serve to strengthen them.

A

Cuneiform cartilages

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15
Q

This leaf-shaped lamina of elastic cartilage lies behind the root of the tongue.

A

Epiglottic cartilage

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16
Q

The sides of the epiglottis are attached to the arytenoid cartilages by the __ of mucous membrane

A

Aryepiglottic folds

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17
Q

Two pairs of synovial joint in the larynx

A

Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joint

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18
Q

A joint that is between the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral side of the cricoid cartilage

A

Cricothyroid joint

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19
Q

A joint that. Is Between the base of the arytenoid cartilage and the superior border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage

A
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20
Q

This connects the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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21
Q

This connects the inferior end of the epiglottic cartilage to the posterior median aspect of the thyroid lamina.

A

Thyroepiglottic ligament

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22
Q

This connects the cricoid cartilage to the first tracheal ring

A

Cricotracheal ligament

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23
Q

This extends between the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilages. Its thickened inferior margin forms the vestibular ligament, and the ____ form the interior of the ____.

A

Quadrangular membrane

Vestibular ligament

Vestibular folds

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24
Q

interconnects the cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages

A

Cricothyroid cartilage

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25
Q

opening from the pharynx into the larynx and is formed by the epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds.

A

Laryngeal inlet

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26
Q

What forms the laryngeal inlet

A

Epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds

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27
Q

a recess on either side of the inlet. The aryepiglottic fold is the medial boundary, and the thyroid cartilage plus the thyrohyoid membrane are the lateral boundaries.

A

Piriform fossa

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28
Q

is a fixed fold on each side of the larynx It is formed by mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligament and is vascular and pink in color.

A

Vestibular fold

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29
Q

is a mobile fold on each side of the larynx and is concerned with voice production. It is formed by mucous membrane covering the vocal ligament and is avascular and white in color.

A

Vocal fold

30
Q

aperture between the vocal folds.

A

Rima glottidis

31
Q

narrowest part of the larynx and measures about 2.5 cm from front to back

A

Glottis

32
Q

Three divisions of laryngeal cavity

A

Vestibule (upper region)
Middle region
Infraglottic cavity (lower region)

33
Q

Division of a laryngeal cavity where the area between the inlet and the vestibular folds

A

Vestibule (upper region)

34
Q

Division of the laryngeal cavity where it is the central space (airway) situated between the opposite vestibular folds and vocal folds.

A

Middle region

35
Q

Division of the laryngeal cavity where the area between the vocal folds above and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage below

A

Infraglottic cavity

36
Q

Two groups of laryngeal muscle

A

Extrinsic attachments outside the larynx
and
intrinsic origin and insertion onto laryngeal elements

37
Q

Narrows the laryngeal inlet

A

Oblique arytenoid m.

38
Q

M that widens the laryngeal inlet

A

Thyroepiglottis M

39
Q

Five muscles that move the vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid and vocalis
Transverse arytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid

40
Q

Tenses the vocal cord

A

Cricothyroid and vocalis m

41
Q

Relaxes the vocal cord

A

Thyroarytenoid

42
Q

Adducting the vocal cords

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid m

43
Q

Abducting the vocal cords

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid m

44
Q

Approximates the arytenoid cartilage

A

Transverse arytenoid M.

45
Q

Rima glottidis opens by the contraction of the ____, which rotates the _____ cartilage and abducts the vocal process.

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid, arytenoid

46
Q

Rima glottidis closes by contraction of ____, which rotates the ___ cartilage and adducts the vocal process.

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid M, arytenoid

47
Q

The posterior part of the glottis is narrowed when the arytenoid cartilages are drawn together by contraction of the?

A

Transverse arytenoid M

48
Q

Vocal folds are stretched by contraction of the ____ muscle and slackened by contraction of the ____ muscle

A

Cricothyroid muscle, thyroarytenoid muscle

49
Q

On quiet inspiration, the vocal folds ____ and the rima glottidis is ___ in shape with the apex in front. On expiration, the vocal folds ___ leaving a small gap between them

A

Abduct, Triangular, adduct

50
Q

On deep inspiration, the vocal folds maximally _____, and the triangular shape of the glottis becomes a ___shape because of the maximal lateral rotation of the arytenoid cartilages.

A

Abduct, diamond

51
Q

Two sphincters exist in the larynx are located where?

A

One at the inlet and one at the rima glottidis

52
Q

The sphincter that is used only during swallowing

A

Sphincter at the inlet

53
Q

Serves as a sphincter in coughing or sneezing

A

Rima glottidis

54
Q

Quality of voice is controlled by what muscles?

A

Soft palate, tongue, flor of mouth, cheeks, lips and jaws

55
Q

Vowel sounds are usually purely oral with the ______ raised so that the air is channeled through the mouth rather than the nose.

A

Soft palate

56
Q

involves the intermittent release of expired air between the adducted vocal folds.

A

Speech

57
Q

the vibrations of speech are given to a constant stream of expired air that passes through the ___

A

Posterior part of the rima glottidis

58
Q

The mucous membrane of the larynx lines the cavity and is covered with ___ epithelium

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

59
Q

On the vocal cords, however, where the mucous membrane is subject to repeated trauma during phonation, the mucous membrane is covered with ___

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

60
Q

Supplies the entire larynx

A

Vagus Nerve. Through its SUPERIOR and RECURRENT branches

61
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve divides into ___ and __ above the larynx

A

External and internal laryngeal nerves

62
Q

Nerve that descends on the exterior of the larynx and extends to the cricothyroid muscle.

A

External laryngeal nerve

63
Q

nerve that penetrates the lateral aspect of the thyrohyoid membrane (in company with the superior laryngeal artery) and enters the larynx.

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

64
Q

The ______ ascends the neck and becomes the _____ nerve when it passes the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage and enters the larynx.

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal nerve

65
Q

Sensory nerves above the vocal cords

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

66
Q

Sensory nerve below the level of the vocal cords

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

67
Q

Motor nerve that supplies the cricothyroid m

A

External laryngeal nerve

68
Q

Motor nerve that supplies all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid m

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

69
Q

Blood supply of the upper half of the larynx

A

Superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery

70
Q

Blood supply of the lower half of the larynx

A

Inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid A

Respiratory System (3 decks)

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