Respiratory system Flashcards
Upper Airway consists of what?
Nose, Sinuses, Turbinates, Pharynx, Larynx
What are Nares
The external opening of the nose
What is Cilia
(fine hairs) Moves the mucus to the back of the throat.
What is Turbinates
Change the flow of the inspired air to moisturize and warm it better. Air is inhaled here, trapping dust and microorganisms. Contain sensitive nerves that detect oder or induce sneezing.
What is the Pharynx
The throat: Carry air from the nose to the larynx or food from the mouth to the esophagus.
3 part to the Pharynx
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngeal Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Contains the adenoids and opening of the eustachian tubes
Oropharynx
Near the mouth, contains the tongue.
The Larynx is also the
Voice box: Coughing is facilitated here
Epiglottis
The valve flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the Larynx during swallowing, prevents food from entering the airway.
Glottis
Opening between the vocal cords in the Larynx
Lower respiratory airway consist of
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, lungs, Alveoli
The trachea divides where?
At the Carina
Stimulating the carina results in what
Coughing and bronchospasm
Alveoli’s
small clustered sacs that begin where the bronchioles end.
What happens in the capillaries?
Exchange of oxygen and CO2
Respiratory System Functions
Gas exchange
helps regulate body temperature
Maintains acid/base balance (PH)
2 Nasal cavities are separated by what?
Septum
Paranasal Sinuses
Lighten weight of the skull
Filled with mucous to trap unwanted particles
Our entire upper airway is lined with what?
Cilia
Defense Mechanisms
Mucous: trap and destroy particles
Cilia: Stop Progress of Particles
What does the body do to expel unwanted particles
Cough & sneeze
Bones and Conchae
Provide a pathway for air to travel through the nasal cavity.
Assist with Warming/ Humidifying
The largest cartilage on the Trachea
Is the Adam’s Apple or Thyroid cartilage
Below the Adams Apple is what?
Cricoid Cartilage, important marker during emergencies
What’s at the base of the Trachea
2 primary Bronchi aka the Carina
What area of the cells produce cough reflex?
Carina
The Bronchi travels in the lungs then what?
Turns into Bronchioles
Smallest bronchioles known as the
Terminal Bronchioles
Lungs separated where by what?
Thoracic cavity by the Mediastinum
How many lobes are in the right lung?
3 Lobes
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2 Lobes
The Hilum is where the what enters
Bronchi
What connects Alveoli?
Terminal Bronchioles
Pleural Cavities
Sacs Surrounding lungs
2 types of Alveolar Cells
Type 1 - Gas exchange 95%
Type 2 - Produce Surfactant 5%
Trachea does
hollow tube conducting air from larynx to brochi/ lungs
Alveoli covered by what
Capillaries
High concentration of C02 diffuse where?
Alveolis
High concentration of oxygen in alveoli’s where does it defuse
In the blood stream
C02 turns blood
Blue
C02 goes where
Goes to the lungs
02 Goes where
Goes in the blood
Phrenic nerve
Takes signal to brain when changes are detected in the CO2
Chemoreceptors are where & do what?
Carotids & Aortic Arch sending signals to increase rates & depth of ventilation
