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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

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2
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow rate of breathing (normal is 12-20 breaths per minute)

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3
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiation

A

“death rattle” periods of apnea the increasing rate

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4
Q

Dyspnea

A

bad, difficult, painful breathing

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5
Q

Eupnea

A

good, normal breathing

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6
Q

Hyperpnea

A

excessive breathing; during inhalation/exhalation rate not affected (still deep breathing)

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7
Q

Hyperventillation

A

“over breathing” with tachypnea; sometimes results in low CO2 levels in blood & too much O2; abnormal rate (mental thing)

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8
Q

Hypoventilation

A

shallow breathing, normal rate (reduced amount of air)

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9
Q

Orthopnea

A

position of the patient affects breathing quality (sitting up when having a sinus infection)

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10
Q

Tachypnea

A

fast breathing; greater than 20 breathes per minute (out of shape)

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11
Q

Rales

A

abnormal sound heard when auscultating

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12
Q

Rhonchi

A

abnormal sound heard when auscultating

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13
Q

Stridor

A

abnormal sound heard when auscultating

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14
Q

Wheeze

A

abnormal sound heard when auscultating

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15
Q

Aspiration

A

to inhale something into your lungs other than air (ex: vomit, water); after general (full) anesthesia; can lead to death or infection

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16
Q

Asthma

A

usually due to an allergen; constriction of bronchial tubes & increased mucus; 2/3 narrowed; wheeze

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17
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung; due to airway obstruction, hypoventilation, fluid buildup; in the pleural cavity; when collapsed doesn’t work; really bad asthma can lead to this; when stabbed the pleural pressure equals with the atmospheric pressure; tx: take out fluid

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18
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung; due to trauma; in the pleural cavity; when collapsed doesn’t work; when stabbed the pleural pressure equals with the atmospheric pressure;

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19
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchus; viral; mucus in the bronchus/the common cold

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20
Q

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A

lung cancer; smoking, inhaling toxin fumes; 2nd most common cancer in the US (vapes/cigarettes or chemicals); SEPARATE: vapes can also causes inflammation in the capillaries creating scar tissue (not exchanging gases) or DNA can mess up or nothing? (genetic disposition)

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21
Q

Bronchospasm

A

constriction of the bronchus; what happens in an asthma attack

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22
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)

A

category of disease w/ some obstruction to breathing; chronic (not curable, last long, and can come & go); an asthma attack is chronic

23
Q

URI

A

ENT (ear, nose, and thoat)

24
Q

LRI

A

pulmonologist

25
Q

Resp. Therapist

A

lung/breathing treatment (in hospital)

26
Q

Common Cold

A

viral infection of resp. tract often diagnosed as upper respiratory infection; cuts off at the larynx; related w/ bronchitis

27
Q

Croup

A

viral infection of the larynx; usually small children; has a characteristic “barking cough”

28
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic condition where your body over produces mucus everywhere; may block trachea; covers digestive system; everywhere mucus; mess w/ nerve system; tx: shaky vest

29
Q

Emphysema

A

1 type of COPD; alveolar walls develop scar tissue; why?- same as cancer

30
Q

Empyema

A

pus in the pleural cavity (outside the lungs)

31
Q

Hay Fever

A

allergies

32
Q

Influenza

A

med term for flu, caused by a virus; many different strains; top few flu’s strains are put into the shot

33
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

fluid buildup in pleural space can cause atelectasis (figure 7.15); causes: congestive heart failure, liver, or kidney issues

34
Q

Pneumonia

A

fluild in the lungs due to illness/aspiration; illness can can be viral, bacterial,fungal, or chemical (throw up) (very difficult to get rid of) (old people die)

35
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

A

blockage of the blood supply by a blood clot to the lungs; usually post op (due to people getting off blood thinners for op) (or the actual procedure); happens a lot; can cause sudden death; can happen in the leg, arm, heart, lungs; red, white, and blue; fever or clot are what we are looking for

36
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

condition in which you have short periods of apnea during the night; tx: CPAP (10 sec-2 min; blocked by relaxed tongue & soft palate

37
Q

Sputum

A

a collection of mucus coughed up from the lungs; usually sent to lab to investigate/phlegm

38
Q

Strep Throat

A

bacterial infection in the throat

39
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

bacterial that infects the lungs; destroys lung tissue slowly; can produce spores (contagious); eats & liquifies your lung tissue; sym: coughing up fresh blood; antibiotics for 6-9 months; multiple strands; can resist antibodies; can go dormant & creates a spore; spores are still contagious; these people are called carriers of TB

40
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

using a camera to look inside the lungs (bronchi)

41
Q

Chest X-Ray

A

x-rays of lung to look for fluid or collapsed lung; pneumonia; cheap; used regularly

42
Q

Oximetry

A

Mr. Pinchy; pulse oximeter; measures oxygen in the lungs

43
Q

Polysomnography

A

sleep study to watch brain waves & detect anomalies (sleep apnea)

44
Q

Pulmonary Angiography

A

check for clots in blood vessels that supply the lungs (uses fluoroscopy & cauterization)

45
Q

Spirometry

A

test to record the volume of air a person can inhale/exhale (ventilation) (asthma)

46
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A

blood test to exactly measure O2 saturation in the blood (accurate)

47
Q

Respirator Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A

99% of people have had it; bad thing is when kids get it; causes inflammation in the lungs; no cure

48
Q

Endotracheal (ET) Intubation

A

breathing tube placed in airway for a ventilator or manual respiration

49
Q

Antihistamine

A

used to calm autoimmune (allergic) reactions; interrupts inflammatory pathway (ex: benadryl)

50
Q

Antitussive

A

cough suppressant; why can this be bad-b/c of the bad stuff you’re supposed to cough up from you lungs

51
Q

Bronchodilator

A

dilates bronchi

52
Q

Decongestant

A

shrinks swollen mucous membranes & blood vessels in UR Tract to relieve pressure and congestion

53
Q

Expectorant

A

thins & loosens mucus in the airway to make it easier to cough up or be processed by lymphatic system (ex: mucinex)

54
Q

Inhaler

A

aerosolized steroids (corticosteriod)

Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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