Respiratory system Flashcards
How does the diaphragm move when we inspire?
It moves down/flattens
How does the diaphragm move when we expire?
It bulges
The alveoli are the ‘site’ for what process?
Gas exchange from the lungs to the capillaries
What flap of cartilage closes over the trachea when swallowing?
Epiglottis
Provide the characteristics of the alveoli.
- Large surface area
- good blood supply
- large in amount
- Short diffusion pathway - one cell thick - Semi permeable
How do the internal intercostals move the ribs?
Down and in
How do the external intercostals move the ribs?
Up and out
What is the process of breathing also known as?
pulmonary ventilation
What are lung volume graphs called?
spirometer trace
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air breathed in and out per breath
What is the average tidal volume for men?
0.5L at rest - 3L during exercise
What is the average tidal volume for women?
5.0L
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The additional volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume
What is the IRV for men?
3L
What is the IRV for women?
1.9L
What is the expiratory reserve volume?
The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiration of normal tidal volume
What is the ERV for men?
1.5L
What is the ERV for women?
0.7L
What is the residual volume?
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
What is the vital capacity?
The maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible
What is the total lung volume?
Your total lung capacity after you have inhaled as deeply as you can
Where is breathing controlled?
Respiratory centers in the brain
What are the two ways breathing is controlled?
Neural and chemical
Is inspiration an active or passive process?
Active
Is expiration an active or passive process?
Passive
Respiration is not possible without the presence of what brain related function?
Neurons
Where do neurones exist?
Two areas of the medulla oblongata
What are the two areas of the medulla oblongata known as?
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
What are the groups in the medulla oblongata responsible for?
responsible for rhythmic generation; allowing rhythm and continuous breathing
What is the role of the chemoreceptors?
detect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels as well as changes in blood acidity
What are the responses of the respiratory system?
Increase breathing rate and increase tidal volume due to increased depth of breathing
How many times does minute ventilation increase during exercise?
Up to 15 times
What is the name given to breathing rate rising before exercise?
Anticipatory rise
What hormone is responsible for anticipatory rise?
Adrenaline
What is the term for the volume of air in the lungs in 60s?
Pulmonary ventilation
Where can the chemoreceptors be found?
Aortic arch
Carotid artery
