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Anatomy and physiology - Unit 1 > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

How does the diaphragm move when we inspire?

A

It moves down/flattens

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2
Q

How does the diaphragm move when we expire?

A

It bulges

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3
Q

The alveoli are the ‘site’ for what process?

A

Gas exchange from the lungs to the capillaries

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4
Q

What flap of cartilage closes over the trachea when swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

Provide the characteristics of the alveoli.

A
  • Large surface area
  • good blood supply
  • large in amount
  • Short diffusion pathway - one cell thick - Semi permeable
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6
Q

How do the internal intercostals move the ribs?

A

Down and in

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7
Q

How do the external intercostals move the ribs?

A

Up and out

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8
Q

What is the process of breathing also known as?

A

pulmonary ventilation

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9
Q

What are lung volume graphs called?

A

spirometer trace

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10
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air breathed in and out per breath

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11
Q

What is the average tidal volume for men?

A

0.5L at rest - 3L during exercise

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12
Q

What is the average tidal volume for women?

A

5.0L

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13
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The additional volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume

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14
Q

What is the IRV for men?

A

3L

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15
Q

What is the IRV for women?

A

1.9L

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16
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiration of normal tidal volume

17
Q

What is the ERV for men?

A

1.5L

18
Q

What is the ERV for women?

A

0.7L

19
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

20
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

The maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible

21
Q

What is the total lung volume?

A

Your total lung capacity after you have inhaled as deeply as you can

22
Q

Where is breathing controlled?

A

Respiratory centers in the brain

23
Q

What are the two ways breathing is controlled?

A

Neural and chemical

24
Q

Is inspiration an active or passive process?

A

Active

25
Q

Is expiration an active or passive process?

A

Passive

26
Q

Respiration is not possible without the presence of what brain related function?

A

Neurons

27
Q

Where do neurones exist?

A

Two areas of the medulla oblongata

28
Q

What are the two areas of the medulla oblongata known as?

A

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

29
Q

What are the groups in the medulla oblongata responsible for?

A

responsible for rhythmic generation; allowing rhythm and continuous breathing

30
Q

What is the role of the chemoreceptors?

A

detect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels as well as changes in blood acidity

31
Q

What are the responses of the respiratory system?

A

Increase breathing rate and increase tidal volume due to increased depth of breathing

32
Q

How many times does minute ventilation increase during exercise?

A

Up to 15 times

33
Q

What is the name given to breathing rate rising before exercise?

A

Anticipatory rise

34
Q

What hormone is responsible for anticipatory rise?

A

Adrenaline

35
Q

What is the term for the volume of air in the lungs in 60s?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

36
Q

Where can the chemoreceptors be found?

A

Aortic arch
Carotid artery

Anatomy and physiology - Unit 1 (4 decks)

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