Respiratory system Flashcards
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose - lactic acid and energy
why is anaerobic respiration s less efficient process
Because glucose is not fully broken down and so much less ATP is formed for each molecule of glucose used
What do cilia do?
Protect the nasal passageways, sweeping action of the cilia works to propel mucus away from the lungs. Preventing infection
What does mucus do?
Traps foreign objects that enter the air we breath. Protect against fungi, bacteria and viruses
name 2 alveolus adaptations
very large surface area
thin walls
rich blood supply maintains concentration gradient
moist surfface makes diffusion easier
how much oxygen is in expired air?
16%
what happens to the ribs in inspiration?
moves up and out
what happens to the diaphragm in expiration?
it moves upwards (domes)
what happens when expired air is breathed out into a test tube of limewater ?
limewater turns cloudy because expired air has a high level of carbon dioxide
what does the glass tube represent in the bell jar model?
trachea and bronchi
name 3 toxins in cigarettes ?
nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide
what effects do smoking have on the cilia?
the combustion of tobacco leads to clogging of the hair-like cilia along the nasal passage and trachea. this makes the cilia become paralysed.
what effects do smoking have on mucus?
mucus becomes clogged and dried up, when cilia stop working mucus is not passed along and gets clogged up along the trachea.
this causes coughing which damages the alveolus
