Respiratory System Flashcards
Mucous Membranes Lines which cavities?
that connect to the outside of the body:
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Respiratory tract
• Urinary bladder
• Uterus
What does Serosa/mesothelium line?
Lines closed body cavities
Borders cavities containing small amount of fluid
what does Parietal membrane line?
the pleural cavity.
what does Visceral pleura cover?
the lungs.
What are the FUNCTIONAL zones of the respiratory system?
Conducting Zone
Respiratory zone
What is included in the Conducting Zone?
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
What is included in the Respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
what are The nasal cavities?
are paired chambers separated by bony and cartilaginous septum.
The chambers are divided into what three regions?
Vestibule
Respiratory region
Olfactory region
what characteristics do the nasal and sinus submucosa have?
is highly vascular and contains both mucous and serous glands.
what is the Vestibule of the Nasal Cavity?
Forms a part of the external nose and communicates with the external environment.
Characterics of the Vestibule of the Nasal Cavity?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Contains vibrissae (stiff hairs) and sebaceous glands.
Most of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities are lined by which epithelium?
a pseudostratified columnar epithelium bearing numerous cilia and goblet cells.
This mucosa is seen throughout most of the conducting part of the respiratory tract.
What is the function of Respiratory Region - Conchae
Conchae divide each nasal cavity into separate air chambers.
Why it is important to divide each nasal cavity into separate air chambers?
They increase the surface area and cause turbulence in air flow.
By increasing surface area, the conchae increases the efficiency with which the inspired air is warmed and filtered.
Where is the Olfactory Mucosa located?
in the roof of the nasal cavity, and extends a short way down the septum and lateral wall.
What is the Olfactory Mucosa?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Surface area of approximately 10 cm2 in humans.
Pathologies of the Nasal Passages; Name some Inflammatory ones?
Rhinitis
Nasal polyps.
Pathologies of the Nasal Passages; Name an Infective one
Sinusitis.
Pathologies of the Nasal Passages; Name some Benign Tumours?
Papilloma; Haemangioma; Angiofibroma.
Pathologies of the Nasal Passages; Name some Malignant Tumours?
Squamous cell carcinoma;
Transitional cell carcinoma;
Adenocarcinoma;
Plasmacytoma;
Olfactory neuroblastoma.
Tumours of the nasal passages and sinuses are uncommon
Where is the Pharynx located?
Connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and oesophagus
what is the function of the pharynx?
Passageway for air and food
the pharynx is Divided regionally into what?
the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
what does Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) form from>
the Waldeyer’s ring in the nasopharynx.
What does The laryngeal region comprises of?
the epiglottis, true and false vocal cords
What are the functions of the Larynx? x3
- Prevent inspired air entering the oesophagus.
- Prevent ingested food and fluid entering the trachea.
- Permit the production of complex sounds.
Epiglottis Anterior surface
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Provide protection to underlying tissue
Why does the epiglottis need protection?
Abrasions from movement and food
What are the true vocal cords responsible for?
the production of sound
What do The false vocal cords do?
saccules and ventricles modify the nature of the sound produced by the vibrating true cords.