Mock Flashcards
Which molecules are involved in the anchoring of cells to an extracellular matrix?
the integrins
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephrons
• Two main type of nephron: • Juxtamedullary nephron. • Cortical nephron. ○ Most common. Each kidney contains approximately 1.25 million nephrons.
Where are podocytes seen?
specialized epithelial cells that cover the outer surfaces of glomerular capillaries.
An epithelial cell that lines the inside of the Bowman’s capsule.
glomerular (visceral) layer of Bowman’s capsule
Has many branching processes. (feet)
What vessel is a branch of the interlobular artery?
Branches - Afferent arterioles
Vein - Interlobular veins
Supplies - Glomerul
What makes up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?
- Where the distal tubule contacts the afferent/efferent arteriole the epithelium is modified to form the macula densa.
- Interspaced within the macula densa are juxtaglomerular cells.
What is the space between the renal pyramids called?
The renal columns are the tissue in between the pyramids.
What type of tissue lines the bladder?
The urinary bladder lining is a specialized stratified epithelium, the urothelium.
What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules?
The kidney tubules are simple cuboidal epithelium.
Cancer cells use important enzymatic tools known as _______ like swords to cut through the extracellular matrix (surrounding tumour region) in order to achieve migration and metastatic growth.
Matrix metalloproteases
Which cell type is involved in the general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?
Brush cells are involved with general sensation of the olfactory mucosa.
Olfactory cells are bipolar neurons that are the receptors for smell.
Sustentacular cells are supporting cells.
Sustentacular cells are most numerous cell type in the olfactory epithelium.
Proximal convuluted tubules play an important role in the reabsorption of glucose
True
What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?
Bowman’s capsule is a double layered cap surrounding the glomerulus
What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?
Alveoli
Compact bone is made up of _______________ cemented together
Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons
- White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, the cells that attack bacteria in the blood.
- Fluid from the intestines called chyle, which contains proteins and fats.
which bones are part of the cranium?
- Frontal bone. This is the flat bone that makes up your forehead. It also forms the upper portion of your eye sockets.
- Parietal bones. This a pair of flat bones located on either side of your head, behind the frontal bone.
- Temporal bones. This is a pair of irregular bones located under each of the parietal bones.
- Occipital bone. This is a flat bone located in the very back of your skull. It has an opening that allows your spinal cord to connect to your brain.
- Sphenoid bone. This is an irregular bone that sits below the frontal bone. It spans the width of your skull and forms a large part of the base of your skull.
- Ethmoid bone. This is an irregular bone located in front of the sphenoid bone. It makes up part of your nasal cavity.
Lymphatic capillaries are able to receive cellular debris and foreign particles because ?
of the structure of their flaplike valves
Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?
Dust cells
What traits characterize antigens?
Antigens come only from foreign microorganisms
Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?
type I pneumocyte
What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Which cell is also called a septal cell?
Type II pneumocyte
The juxtaglomerular cells are:
Are able to secrete hormones
Modified smooth muscle cells
Which of the following statements are true about the proximal convulted tubule?
Arises directly from the Bowman’s capsule. • Made up of cuboidal epithelial cells. • Cells are rich in mitochondria Have prominent brush border. ALL of these above
•ALL
Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?
Respiratory bronchioles
Early treatment is critical for NHL no matter what the type or stage
false
TNM Stands for
Tumour, Node, Metastases
Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?
Type I pneumocyte
What type of tissue lines the pharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
What is the inner region of the kidney called?
Medulla
The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis is called the:
epiphyseal disk (growth plate).
What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?
lined by simple squamous epithelium
Which of these is not a function of lymph nodes?
produce red blood cells
Through what systems can a cancer cell travel during metastasis?
Circulatory and Lymphatic
What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to?
any of the triangular sections of tissue that constitute the medulla, or inner substance, of the kidney
Medullary ray
The internal urethral sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle?
False
The internal urethral sphincter is made of a layer of smooth muscle that is surrounded by striated muscle.
What vessel is formed from an aggregation of the glomerular capillaries?
Efferent arteriole
Where would Peyer’s patches be found?
small intestine
What are the foot processes (finger-like projections) on podocytes?
pedicels
The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the
Osteoblasts
Which cartilage of the larynx is made of hyaline cartilage?
a. Thyroid cartilage
b. Cricoid cartilage
c. Arytenoid cartilage
d. Corniculate cartilage
e. All of the above
E
What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?
Composed mostly of elastic cartilage,
Which structure leads to the collecting duct?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which cell secretes surfactant?
Type II pneumocyte
The proximal tubules do not play a role in bicarbonate reabsorption
True
A soft spot in a newborn’s skull is called a:
Fontanel
What vessels arise from the efferent arteriole?
Peritubular capillaries
Loop of Henle
- Decreasing Limb:
- Squamous epithelial cells become thinner and flattened.
- Cells have less mitochondria.
• Ascending limb:
lined by cuboidal epithelial cells
Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?
Basal cells are located in the basal lamina
cells allows for water reabsorption in response to ADH secretion
What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?
hyaline cartilage
Renal corpuscules are found within the renal cortex?
true
How many bones in the body?
206
Johnny is having an asthma attack and feels as if he cannot breathe. Why?
Spasms in the bronchiole smooth muscle have blocked airflow to the alveoli
What is Angiogenesis?
is the formation of new blood vessels
What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called?
Medullary ray
What are The pleural membranes?
are two layers of serous membrane which enclose and protect the lung
does the left lung consists of two lobes?
the left upper lobe (LUL) and the left lower lobe (LLL).
The right lobe is divided by an oblique and horizontal fissure,
where the horizontal fissure divides the upper and middle lobe,
and the oblique fissure divides the middle and lower lobes.
Where is the apex?
The apex of the lung is located where the upper lobe begins,
while the base of the lungs is by the diaphragm,
What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue, which is ciliated and which includes mucus-secreting goblet cells
RENAL FUNCTIONS
• Water and inorganic ion balance.
• Removal of metabolic waste products from blood to urine.
• Removal of foreign chemicals (eg drugs) from blood to urine.
• Gluconeogenesis.
- Production of glucose from amino acids and other things
Production of hormones/enzymes, renin, Aldosterone production
Vitamin D modification
Erythropoietin production
What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?
squamous epithelium
It is a stratified epithelium composed of basal cells along the basal lamina and several layers of squamous cells, which become progressively flatter toward the luminal surface.
What does BOWMAN’S CAPSULE AND GLOMERULUS Collectively form?
the renal corpuscle.
