respiratory system

Question 1

respiratory primary function

Answer 1

• exchange of O2 and CO2
• delivery of O2 to tissues
• elimination of CO2
• maintain ABB (acid base balance)

Question 2

O2 & CO2

Answer 2

*depth of deficit mast important

Question 3

alveolus

Answer 3

• capillary membrane of aveoli allows diffusion of O2 & CO2
• have millions of aveoli
• need to be open

Question 4

respiration

Answer 4

exchange of O2 & CO2

Question 5

ventilation

Answer 5

air in, air out

Question 6

inspiration

Answer 6

1st stage of ventilation

Question 7

ventilation problem

Answer 7

choking

Question 8

expiratory

Answer 8

2nd stage of ventilation

Question 9

T/V or V/T

Answer 9

Title volume

Question 10

T/V

Answer 10

• volume of air to be measured inspired and/or expired

* can be tested with (PFT) PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST

Question 11

PFT FOR T/V

Answer 11

• MEASURES LUNG CAPACITY
• NORMAL T/V - 500-700
• NONINVASIVE
• YOU DO NOT WANT EXCESS CO2

Question 12

RESIDUAL VOLUME

Answer 12

• CAN BE MEASURED WITH PFT TEST

* O2 PASSES THROUGH CAPILLARY MEMBRANE TO BLOOD STREAM TO CELLS AND TISSUES.

Question 13

CAPILLARY MEMBRANE

Answer 13

ALLOWS DIFFUSION OF O2 AND CO2

Question 14

LUNG COMPLIANCE

Answer 14

• NORMAL ABILITY TO CHANGE IN SIZE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF OXYGENATION
• CHANGE IN SIZE FOR VOLUME AND PRESSURE

Question 15

PERFUSION

Answer 15

*BLOOD FLOW FROM RIGHT SIDE OF HEART THROUGH PULMONARY CIRCULATION TO LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART

Question 16

V/P

Answer 16

*VENTILATION & PERFUSION MUST MATCH

Question 17

HYPOXEMIA

Answer 17

• MEASURED ABG BELOW 80 OF PAO2

* PAO2-NORMAL 80-100

Question 18

ELASTICITY

Answer 18

ABILITY OF LUNGS TO EXPAND

Question 19

RECOIL

Answer 19

ABILITY OF LUNGS TO GO BACK

Question 20

HYPOXIA

Answer 20

• EARLY SIGNS RESTLESSNESS IRRITABILITY
• O2 DEFICIT IN CELLS
• SOB
• CONFUSION
• INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE
• TACYCARDIA
• LOOK AT PULSE OX

Question 21

OXY HGB DISSOCIATION CURVE-COMPARE PAO2 WITH SAO2 (O2 BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN)

Answer 21

• DEFINES HYPOXIA (ABG)
• CERTAIN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS CAUSE SHIFTS
• PACO2 (ABG) 60 OR BELOW DANGEROUS/PULSE OX PLUMMETS RAPIDLY
• RIGHT SHIFT: MORE O2 TO CELLS AND TISSUE
• LEFT SHIFT: LESS O2 TO CELLS AND TISSUES; MORE O2 TO THE LUNGS

Question 22

ABG RESULT

Answer 22

• NORMAL RANGE 80-100

* 60 AND BELOW: O2 DEPREVATION

Question 23

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 23

• NOSE
• SINUSES
• PHARYNX
• LARYNX (VOICE BOX)
• MAIN FUNCTION TO WARM FILTER AND HUMIDIFY INHALED AIR

Question 24

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 24

• TRACHEA
• MEDIASTINIUM
• RIGHT BRONCHUS *LEFT BRONCHUS
• BRONCHIOLES
• SMALLER BRONCHIAL TUBES
• ALVEOLAR DUCTS
• SACS
• ALVEOLI

Question 25

MEDIASTINUM

Answer 25

* CAVITY BETWEEN RIGHT AND LEFT LUNGS | * HOLDS HEART AND GREAT VESSELS

Question 26

ALVEOLI

Answer 26

* WHERE GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE BETWEEN O2 AND CO2 * THE PULMONARY CAPILLARIES AND THE PULMONARY MEMBRANE * SECRETES SURFACTANT (CRITICAL) * SURFACTANT KEEPS AVEOLI PATENT

Question 27

SURFACTANT

Answer 27

*PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE FOR DECREASING SURFACE TENSION AND MAINTAINING ALVEOLAR PATENCY

Question 28

LUNGS

Answer 28

* 2 CONE SHAPED ORGANS IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY * LEFT LUNG HAS 2 LOBES * RIGHT LUNG HAS 3 LOBE * INTRA-PLEURAL PRESSURE IS AIRTIGHT AND NEGATIVE IN PRESSURE * ATMOSPHERIC POSITIVE * AIR GOES INTO INTRA=PLEURAL SPACE THE LUNGS COULD COLLAPSE

Question 29

PLEURAL SPACE

Answer 29

* VISCERAL SAC - INNER * PARIENTAL SAC - OUTER * THE FLUID BETWEEN THESE 2 LAYERS IS AN AIR-TIGHT REGION KNOWN AS PLEURAL SPACE

Question 30

SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURES

Answer 30

*RIB CAGE *STERNUM * A. MANUBRIUM B BODY OF STERNUM C XIPHOID

Question 31

VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE LUNGS

Answer 31

* PULMONARY ARTERIES DELIVER BLOOD TO LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION (PERFUSION) * PULMONARY VEINS DELIVER OXYGENATED BLOOD TO HEART * WITHIN THE LUNGS PULMONARY ARTERIES BRANCH INTO PULMONARY CAPILLARY NETWORK THAT SURROUND ALVEOLI

Question 32

VASCULAR STRUCTURE

Answer 32

*LUNG TISSUE RECEIVES IT'S BLOOD SUPPLY FROM BRONCHIAL ARTERIES AND DRAINS BY BRONCHIAL AND PULMONARY VEINS