LOWER RESPIRATORY DISORDERS Flashcards
INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
- BRONCHITIS
- PNEUMONIA (MOST COMMON & SERIOUS)
- BRONCHIECTASIS
BRONCHITIS
- INFLAMMATION & INFECTION OF BRONCHIOLES AND TRACHEA
- CHRONIC/ACUTE
- ETIOLOGY: VIRAL, BACTERIAL, PULMONARY IRRITANTS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
*ENLARGEMENT & HYPERACTIVITY OF MUCUS SECRETING GLANDS (GOBLET CELLS) CAUSING: INFLAMMATION, NARROW AIRWAYS, DECREASE CILLIARY EFFICIENCY
COR PUMONALE
- CARDIAC PROBLEM/RESPIRATORY ETIOLOGY
- RIGHT SIDE HYPERTROFY OF HEART (GOT BIGGER); RIGHT VENTRICULAR IMPAIRMENT-RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
- SECONDARY TO HYPERTENSION (PULMONARY HTN
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BRONCHITIS
- PRODUCTIVE COUGH THAT PERSISTS FOR SEVERAL MONTHS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR
- DRY HACKING COUGH
- RHONCH(SNORING SOUNDS, MUCUS)I/RALES
- SOB
INTERVENTIONS FOR BRONCHITIS
- AIRWAY CLEARANCE
- LOW FLOW O2 (2-3 L)NC
- ANTIBIOTICS
- HYDRATION
- BRONCHODILATORS
- CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY (PERSED LIPS, CLAPPING)
- BREATHING EXERCISES
- SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF BRONCHITIS
- EMPHYSEMA
- COR PULMONALE (SECONDARY TO PULMONARY HTN)
- POLYCYTHEMIA (SECONDARY TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA)
PNEUMONIA
- INFECTION/INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNG PARENCHYMA (TISSUE)
* TISSUE FILLS UP WITH EXUDATE, FLUIDS
TYPES OF PNEUMONIA
- INFECTIOUS
- NON-INFECTIOUS (ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA)
- COMMUNITY ACQUIRED
- NOSOCOMIAL: HOSPITAL ACQUIRED/HAND WASHING STOPS THIS
BRONCOPNEUMONIA
*LOWER LOBES OF LUNG (LOBAR) (CONSOLIDATION) WHITE, CLOUDED AREA (INFILTRATION OF FLUID & EXODATES.
PHYAGOCYTOSIS
*EATING OF BACTERIA
PNEUMONIA RISK FACTORS
- STREPTOCOCCUS CAUSE OF 70-75% OF ALL CASES
* RISK FACTORS: SMOKE, ELDERLY, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED, IMMOBILITY, ALCOHOLICS/MALNOURISHED
CLINCAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PNEUMONIA
- COUGH/SOB
- FEVER/MALAISE/CHILLS
- PLEURITIC PAIN
- TACHYCARDIA/CONFUSION
- INCREASE IN TACTILE FREMITUS
- RALES/RONCHI (SNORING SOUNDS)
DIAGNOSIC TESTS FOR PNEUMONIA
- CHEST XRAY;SPUTUM FOR C/S; PRESENTING S&S;ABG RESULTS: INCREASE WBC/DECREASE PULSE OX READING
- PAO2 LOW, PULSE OX LOW
INTERVENTIONS FOR PNEUMONIA
*O2,ANTIBIOTICS, HYDRATION, CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPHY, CDB, SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT, PNEUMONIA VACCINE
COMPLICATIONS FROM PNEUMONIA
- PLEURISY
- ATELECTASIS (PARTIALLY COLLAPSED LUNG)
- PULMONARY EDEMA
- RESPIRATORY FAILURE
*PCP (PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINNI PNEUMONIA)
SECONDARY TO AIDS)
BRONCHIECTASIS
- GLUEY/STICKY
- CHRONIC DILATION OF LARGE SIZED BRONCHIOLES
- DESTRUCTION OF BRONCHIAL WALLS ACCOMPANIED BY INFECTION (SEEN W/BRONCOSCOPY)
- CAUSED BY: INFECTION, TB, FUNGI CYSTIC FIBROSIS, LUNG ABSCESS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS BRONCHIECTASIS
- DECREASED CHEST EXPANSION
- DECREASED BREATH SOUNDS
- CRACKLES/RALES/RONCHI IN LOWER LOBES; THICK SECRETIONS, FATIGUE/WEIGHT LOSS
VISCICULAR
NORMAL BREATH SOUNDS
ADVENTICIOUS
ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND INTERVENTIONS
*DX TESTS: BRONCHOSCOPY/BRONCHOGRAM
PRESENTING S&S/DECREASE PFT’S
*INTERVENTIONS: ANTIBIOTICS, HYDRATION, REST/COUGHING-DEEP BREATHING, SURGICAL LOBE, LUNG RESECTION
*OLDER PERSON WOULD BE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS TO AVOID UNDERLYING RESPIRATORY INFECTION
