Respiratory System Flashcards
Primary functions
To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
Help to maintain acid-base balance
Secondary functions
Sensing odors
Speech production
Straining (during childbirth or coughing)
Conducting Zone
moves air in/out of lungs
Respiratory Zone
moves gasses in/out of the blood
nose
the major entrance and exit for the respiratory system
External nose: surface and skeletal structures (appearance)
Pharynx
The human pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx.
Larynx
The larynx is the cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs.
Trachea
The trachea (windpipe) is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.
Alveolar duct
An alveolar duct is a tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli.
Alveolus
an alveolus is one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts.
Alveolar sac
An alveolar sac is a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange.
Boyle’s Law (formula)
P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle’s Law (text explanation)
Pressure and volume are inversely related.
Inspiration
the process of taking air into the lungs
Expiration
the process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle
Medulla Oblongata
the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem
Eupnea
the natural breathing in all mammals, including humans.
Diaphragmatic breathing
involves fully engaging the stomach, abdominal muscles, and diaphragm when breathing
Hyperpnea
an increased depth and rate of ventilation to meet an increase in oxygen demand
Diaphragm
separates the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities
Atelectasis
the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed.
Pneumonia
lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria.
Asthma
the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs
Emphysema
the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”
Chronic Bronchitis
inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced
Pneumothorax
the air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs
Tuberculosis
bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content
