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Anaphy > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

MAIN FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

To supply blood with oxygen and give off carbon dioxide

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2
Q

4 events under respiratory system

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. External Respiration
  3. Internal Respiration
  4. Gas transport
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3
Q

moving in and out of air. Also called as breathing

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

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4
Q

exchange of gases within the external environment

A

External Respiration

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5
Q

Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood vessels > RBC.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood vessels to the lungs

A

External Respiration

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6
Q

Location: alveoli (lungs)

A

External respiration

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7
Q

air spaces in the lungs where gas exchange happen

A

alveoli

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8
Q

exchange of gases within the internal environment and involves tissue

A

Internal Respiration

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9
Q

Oxygen diffuses from blood vessels > RBC to tissues. Carbon

dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood vessles.

A

Internal Respiration

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10
Q

Summary how oxygen and CO2 travels in our body

A

Gas transport

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11
Q
  1. Oxygen- Lungs- Blood Vessels- Tissues

2. Carbon Dioxide- Tissues- Blood Vessels- Lungs

A

Gas transport

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12
Q

Other Functions of Respiratory System:

A
  1. Regulation of Blood pH
  2. Voice Production
  3. Olfaction (Smell)
  4. Innate Immunity
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13
Q

Jutting external portion is supported by bone and cartilage

A

Nose

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14
Q

FUNCTIONS OF NOSE

A
  1. provides an airway for respiration
  2. moistens and warms entering air
  3. filters and cleans inspired air
  4. serves as a resonating chamber for speech
  5. houses the olfactory (smell) receptors
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15
Q

only external portion of the respiratory

A

Nose

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16
Q

area between the eyebrows and most superior portion

A

root

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17
Q

located between the eyebrows

A

root and bridge

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18
Q

tip of the nose; distal portion of the nose

A

Apex

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19
Q

opening of the nose/ holes

A

Nares/ Nostrils/ Naris

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20
Q

lateral portion of the nares

A

Alae

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21
Q

from the bridge extending down to the tip (extending portion)

A

Dorsum Nasi

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22
Q

only part of the nose made up of bone

A

Bridge/ Nose bridge/ nasal bone

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23
Q

Why do nose vary in size and shape?

A

Differences in nasal cartilage

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24
Q

Why is nose oily

A

Because it is studded with sebaceous gland which produces sebum

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25
Q

Parts of the internal nose

A
  1. Nasal Septum

2. Conchae/ Turbinates

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26
Q

T/F: Nose is protruding in the external environment, so the oil is secreted more. This is part of the homeostasis

A

True

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27
Q

Also called as internal nose

A

Nasal Cavity

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28
Q

separates the nasal cavity from right to left

A

Nasal Septum

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29
Q
  • ridges of the nasal cavity which function to filter, warm

and moisture air.

A

Conchae/Turbinates

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30
Q

where the air that is being received from the nostril travels

A

Nasal Cavity

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31
Q

divides the two nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum

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32
Q

T/F: In turbinates, the air deflects in the mucosal surface of turbinates so all non-gaseous particle are trapped in the turbinates.

A

True

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33
Q

lighten the skull, act as a resonating chamber and made up of cilia to
sweep away mucus out of the sinus

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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34
Q

overproduction of mucus will result to an infection called

A

sinusitis

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35
Q

The changing of voice due to sinusitis is caused by the

A

Sinuses

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36
Q

air filled spaces or caviity located within the certain bones of the skull

A

Paranasal sinuses

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37
Q

Common passageway of both respiratory and digestive systems.

A

PHARYNX

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38
Q

Approximately 13cm in length extending from the base of the skull to the sixth vertebrae.
Also known as “throat”

A

PHARYNX

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39
Q

opening of the pharynx

A

Choane

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40
Q

3 divisions of the pharynx:

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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41
Q

Extends from choane to uvula. Air passageway only.

A

Nasopharynx

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42
Q

Location of nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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43
Q

helpful to kill pathogens going into the respiratory tract

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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44
Q

runs superiorly which closes the

nasopharynx and prevents food from coming inside.

A

uvula and soft palate

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45
Q

protects the nasopharynx from getting in and accumulating food that can come out in our nose

A

uvula

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46
Q

Extends from uvula to epiglottis to oral cavity. Food and air passageway.

A

Oropharynx

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47
Q

made from stratified squamous epithelium to protect from abrasion

A

Oropharynx

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48
Q

Extends from epiglottis to esophagus. More food and less air passage

A

Laryngopharynx

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49
Q

Few air passes through to prevent too much gas contents to the digestive tract

A

Laryngopharynx

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50
Q

When foreign substances enter the nasal cavity

A

Sneeze reflex

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51
Q

where the action potential will be carried by the sensory neurons to the

A

trigeminal nerve and medulla oblongata

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52
Q

move inferiorly to open the airway (sneeze)

A

Uvula and soft palate

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53
Q

exposure to bright light

A

Photic sneeze reflex

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54
Q

ACHOO means

A

Autosomal-Dominant Compelling Helio Ophthalmic

Outburst

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55
Q

Located in the anterior throat and it connects superiorly to the pharynx and
inferiorly to the trachea.

A

LARYNX

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56
Q

Approximately 5cm extending from the 3rd cervical to the 6th cervical vertebrae. Has 9 cartilages

A

LARYNX

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57
Q

Also known as the voicebox

A

LARYNX

58
Q

Largest and is attached to the hyoid bone. Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid Cartilage

59
Q

Inferior to the thyroid, forms the base of the larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage

60
Q

Prevents food from entering the larynx. Will not work if sleeping

A

Epiglottis

61
Q

Unpaired in larynx:

A
  1. Thyroid cartilage
  2. Cricoid Cartilage
  3. Epiglottis
62
Q

Paired in larynx

A
  1. Cuneiform
  2. Corniculate
  3. Arytenoid
63
Q

air passageway and voice production

A

larynx folds

64
Q

No role in sound production. When 2 false vocal cords come together, they prevent air from leaving the
lungs. (Hold breath)

A

Vestibular folds (False vocal cords)

65
Q

Medial pair, glottis: opening, function to produce sound

A

Vocal folds (true vocal cords)

66
Q

When talking, true vocal cords come together and produce vibration (sound)

A

Vocal cords (true vocal cords)

67
Q

Slower Vibration – Deeper Voice/Low Pitch

A

Longer and Thicker Larynx

68
Q

Faster Vibration – Higher Pitch

A

Shorter and Thinner Larynx

69
Q
  • Descends from the larynx through the neck and into the mediastinum.
  • Consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle
A

TRACHEA

70
Q

(located anteriorly)

- Has cartilage rings to help protect and support trachea from collapsing despite of the pressure changes inside.

A

Connective Tissue

71
Q

located posteriorly, For flexibility

A

• Smooth Muscle/Trachealis

72
Q

is lined with pseudostratified columnar which is made up of cilia and goblet cells (produces mucus).

A

trachea

73
Q

sweeps away the mucus produced by the goblet cells out of the trachea.

A

cilia

74
Q

replaces pseudostratified columnar

A

squamous epithelium

75
Q

The end of the trachea (tracheal bifurcation)

A

carina

76
Q

Main bronchi

A

Primary Bronchi

77
Q

Lobar bronchi

A

Secondary Bronchi

78
Q

Segmental bronchi

A

Tertiary Bronchi

79
Q

smaller branches

A

Bronchioles

80
Q

Principal organs of respiration

A

Lungs

81
Q

resting on the diaphragm

A

Base

82
Q

extending superiorly to a point about 2.5 cm above the clavicle.

A

Apex

83
Q

Lungs is divided into two:

A

right and left lung

84
Q
  • Trachea divides from right and left bronchus
  • The left is more horizontal because it is crowded by heart
  • The right is wider, shorter and vertical.
  • The bronchi is located from proximal to distal
A

Bronchi

85
Q

tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size

A

Lung recoil

86
Q

Lung recoil occurs because:

A
  1. Connective tissue of lungs is made up of elastic fibers
  2. Alveoli has surface tension (elastic property of fluid surface wherein water molecules are attracted to each other. Since there is surface tension in the alveoli, water molecules compressed, so as alveoli – recoil)
87
Q

is important to reduce surface tension

A

Surfactant

88
Q

T/F: Too much surface tension can lead to lung collapse.

A

TRUE

89
Q

• Each lung is surrounded by a separate ______

A

pleural cavity

90
Q

Each pleural cavity is line with a serous membrane called

A

pleura

91
Q

lines chest wall, mediastinum and diaphragm.

A

Parietal Pleura

92
Q

lines the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

93
Q

is produced by the pleural membranes that functions to act as a lubricant
and to help hold the pleural membrane together.

A

Pleural fluid

94
Q

T/F: If the pressure in the pleural cavity is less than the alveolar pressure, the alveoli tend to expand

A

TRUE

95
Q

Process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

A

Ventilation

96
Q 
o	External intercostals contract
o	Lungs stretch
o	Intrapulmonary volume increases
o	Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
o	Ribs elevate
o	Diaphragm contracts
A

INSPIRATION/ INHALATION

97
Q 
o	Internal intercostals contract/ External intercostals relax
o	Lungs recoil
o	Intrapulmonary volume decreases
o	Intrapulmonary pressure increases
o	Ribs depress
o	Diaphragm moves superiorly and relaxes
A

Expiration/ Exhalation

98
Q

Site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

99
Q

Exchange of gas across the respiratory membrane is influenced by:

A
  • Respiratory membrane thickness (must not be too thick)
  • Surface area (must be large)
  • Partial Pressure
100
Q

Process of measuring volumes of air that moves into and out of the respiratory tract.

A

Spirometry

101
Q

amount of air movement during different portions of ventilation

A

Respiratory/Pulmonary Volume

102
Q

The device of process of measuring volumes of air that moves into and out of the respiratory tract

A

Spirometer

103
Q

sum/combination of two or more respiratory volume

A

Respiratory/Pulmonary Capacity

104
Q

PULMONARY VOLUMES:

A
  1. Tidal Volume
  2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
  3. Expiratory Reserve Volume
  4. Residual Volume
105
Q

Pulmonary Capacities:

A
  1. Functional Residual Capacity
  2. Inspiratory Capacity
  3. Vital Capacity
  4. Total Lung capacity
106
Q

amount of air inspired/ expired each breath

A

Tidal Volume: 500ml

107
Q

amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond resting tidal volume

A

Inspiratory reserve volume: 3,000 ml

108
Q

amount of air that can ve expired forcefully beyond resting tidal volume

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume: 1,100 ml

109
Q

volume of air that is still remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration

A

Residual volume: 1,200ml

110
Q

Expiratory + Residual

A

Functional Residual Capacity: 2,300 ml

111
Q

Tidal + Inspiratory

A

Inspiratory Capacity: 3,500 ml

112
Q

Inspiratory + Tidal + Expiratory

A

Vital Capacity: 4,600 ml

113
Q

Vital + Residual

A

Total Lung Capacity: 5,800 ml

114
Q

Thyroid Cartilage pair is

A

Cuneiform

115
Q

Cricoid Cartilage pair is

A

Corniculate

116
Q

Epiglottis pair is

A

Arytenoid

117
Q

Passageway of air to the lungs divided into two: right and left

A

Bronchi

118
Q

More horizontal bc it is the heart is residing in this

A

Left side of the bronchi

119
Q

More vertical

A

Right side of the bronchi

120
Q

The function is for air passageway, warms and moisten air coming from our lungs

A

Bronchial tree

121
Q

partitions that divides the lungs

A

Fissure

122
Q

Horizontal fissure one in right

A

Horizontal fissure

123
Q

Oblique fissure two left and right

A

Oblique fissure

124
Q

Pressure exerted by mixture of gases

A

Partial pressure

125
Q

PO2 (Partial pressure of oxygen) in atmospheric air

A

160mm Hg

126
Q

PCO2 (Partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in atmospheric air

A

0.3 MM Hg

127
Q

PO2 ALVEOLAR AIR

A

104 mm Hg

128
Q

PCO2 ALVEOLAR AIR

A

40 mm Hg

129
Q

PO2 BLOOD ENTERING THE LUNGS

A

40 mm Hg

130
Q

PCO2 BLOOD ENTERING THE LUNGS

A

45 mm Hg

131
Q

Oxygen loaded form of hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin

132
Q

PO2 BLOOD LEAVING THE LUNGS

A

95-100 mm Hg

133
Q

PCO2 BLOOD LEAVING THE LUNGS

A

40 mm Hg

134
Q

PO2 BODY TISSUES

A

< 40 mm Hg

135
Q

PCO2 BODY TISSUES

A

> 45 mm Hg

136
Q

PO2 blood from the lungs

A

100 mm Hg

137
Q

PCO2 Blood from the lungs

A

40 mm Hg

138
Q

made up of elastic fibers

A

Connective Tissue

139
Q

elastic property of fluid surface wherein water molecules are attracted to each other

A

Surface tension

140
Q

bronchi is located from?

A

proximal to distal

141
Q

more horizontal because it is crowded by heart

A

left bronchus

142
Q

wider, shorter and vertical.

A

right bronchus

Anaphy (2 decks)

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