RESPIRATORY Flashcards
What is the Main Function of The Respiratory System
To supply blood with oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
moving in and out of air. Also called as breathing
Pulmonary Ventilation
Oxygen diffuses from blood vessels > RBC to tissues. Carbon
dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood vessles.
Internal Respiration
Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood vessels > RBC.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood vessels to the lungs
External Respiration
What is The other Function Of The Respiratory System
- Regulation of Blood pH
- Voice Production
- Olfaction (Smell)
- Innate Immunity
area between the eyebrows
Root
tip of the nose
Apex
lateral portion of the nares
Alae
Opening of The Nose
Nares
Jutting external portion is supported by bone and cartilage.
NOSE
What are the functions of nose?
- provides an airway for respiration
- moistens and warms entering air
- filters and cleans inspired air
- serves as a resonating chamber for speech
- houses the olfactory (smell) receptors
separates the nasal cavity from right to left
Nasal Septum
ridges of the nasal cavity which function to filter, warm
and moisture air.
Conchae/Turbinates
When foreign substances (e.g. dust particles) enters the nasal cavity, the
sensory receptors will be stimulated, thus, action potential are made.
Sneeze Reflex
Common passageway of both respiratory and digestive systems.
Approximately 13cm in length extending from the base of the skull to the sixth vertebrae.
Also known as “throat”
PHARYNX
Few air passes through to prevent too much gas contents to the digestive tract
Laryngopharynx
Exposure to bright lights (e.g. sunlight) can make pupils constrict. When
pupils constrict, nasal membranes can be stimulated. If this happens, sensory
receptors will be stimulated as well.
Photic Sneeze Reflex (Autosomal-Dominant Compelling Helio Ophthalmic
Outburst)
Extends from uvula to epiglottis to oral cavity
Oropharynx
- Air passageway only
During swallowing, uvula and soft palate runs superiorly which closes the
nasopharynx and prevents food from coming inside
. Nasopharynx
Has cartilage rings to help protect and support trachea from collapsing despite of the
pressure changes inside.
Connective Tissue
This is part prevents food from entering the larynx.
Epiglottis
Located in the anterior throat and it connects superiorly to the pharynx and
inferiorly to the trachea.
LARYNX
What are the 3 Unpaired Cartilage of Larynx
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Epiglottis
What are the 3 Paired Cartilage of Larynx
- Cuneiform
- Corniculate
- Arytenoid
Descends from the larynx through the neck and into the mediastinum.
TRACHEA
is lined with pseudostratified columnar which is made up of cilia and goblet
cells (produces mucus).
trachea
Action potential will be carried by the sensory neurons to the vagus nerve and
medulla oblongata. From there, action potential will be processed.
Cough Reflex
is produced by the pleural membranes that functions to act as a lubricant
and to help hold the pleural membrane together.
Pleural fluid
Process of measuring volumes of air that moves into and out of the respiratory tract.
SPIROMETRY
Process of moving air into and out of the lungs.
VENTILATION
tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size.
Lung Recoil
What are reason why Lungs decrease in size.
Connective tissue of lungs is made up of elastic fibers
2. Alveoli has surface tension (elastic property of fluid surface wherein water
molecules are attracted to each other. Since there is surface tension in the alveoli,
water molecules compressed, so as alveoli – recoil)
– amount of air movement during different portions of
ventilation
o Respiratory/Pulmonary Volume
– sum/combination of two or more respiratory
volume
Respiratory/Pulmonary Capacity
