Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

children > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical difference of upper airway in an infant?

A

Head : larger with prominent occiput
Neck : shorter
Tongue : Larger
Larynx : Higher and anterior
Epiglottis : Floppier, narrow and U-shaped
Trachea : shorter, right main bronchus angled less than left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the narrowest part of the airway for infants and adults?

A

Infant : Criocoid cartilage

Adults : glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 components for work of breathing?

A
  1. Compliance work
  2. Resistance work
  3. Airway resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is compliance work?

A

It is required to expand the elastic force of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is resistance work?

A

It is required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is airway resistance?

A

It is work required to overcome resistance to gas flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the effect of pulmonary disease?

A

Increase the work of breathing -> Increase the metabolic rate and oxygen demand
-> results in respiratory muscle fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the factors that wil affect tissue oxygen consumption?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Shivering
  3. Working of breathing
  4. Dressing change
  5. Bath
  6. Sepsis
  7. Agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to assess patients with respiratory conditions?

A
  1. General appearance
  2. Respiratory efforts and patterns ( use of accessory muscle )
  3. Present of cough or phlegm
  4. Skin colour and perfusion
  5. Abdomen distention ( splinting of diaphragm )
  6. Activity intolerance
  7. Level of responsiveness - drowsy
  8. Oxygen profile - saturation, blood gases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the assessment of respiratory distress?

A
  1. Increase in RR
  2. Increase in HR
  3. Decrease in SpO2
  4. Usage of accessory muscles
  5. Retractions and/ or nasal flaring ( Suprasternal, Intercostal, Clavicular, Subternal and Subcostal )
  6. Sweating, clammy skin
  7. Grunting
  8. Auscultate breath sounds ( stridor, wheeze etc )
  9. Head bobbing
  10. Character of cough ( e.g. Croupy cough )
  11. Agitation of restlessness
  12. Cyanosis
  13. Conscious level : drowsy and hypercapnia
  14. Position ( assume position to enable ventilation and limit work of breathing e.g. Tripod position, Classic in Epiglottis : drooling and sitting upright )
  15. Metabolic acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increase in respiration rate equal

A

high fever, pain or anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the normal readings for neonate?

A

HR : 120 - 180
RR : 40-60
Systolic BP : 60-80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the normal readings for 1 month to 1 year ?

A

HR : 110 - 160
RR : 30 - 40
Systolic BP : 70 - 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the normal readings for 1 to 2 years ?

A

HR : 100 -150
RR : 25 - 35
Systolic BP : 80 -95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the normal readings for 2 to 7 years ?

A

HR : 95 -140
RR : 25 - 30
Systolic BP : 90 -110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the normal readings for 7 to 12 years ?

A

HR : 80 -120
RR : 20 - 25
Systolic BP : 100 -120

17
Q

Bradynpea

A

Slow for age

  • Hypothermia
  • Drug-induced
  • Increase in ICP ( Increased intracranial pressure )
18
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid for age

  • Pulmonary disease
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Increased metabolic need
19
Q

Hypernea

A

Deep and rapid

- Diabetic Ketoacidosis

20
Q

Dyspnea

A 
Difficult of labored breathing 
- Acute distress
pneumothorax
- Intermittment distress
Asthma
- Chronic lung problems
21
Q

Orthopnea

A

Intolerant of supine position

  • Asthma
  • Pulmonary Edema / Disease
22
Q

What are the nursing problems?

A 
- Ineffective airway clearance
Ineffective cough
Fatigue, weakness
Viscous secretion
Pain 
Aspiration of foreign body
  • Inflammatory process
  • Impaired gas exchange
  • Altered family process
  • Imblance Nutrition
23
Q

What are the nursing management?

A
  • Administer oxygen and humidification
  • Suctioning to remove secretion / mouth care
  • Adequate oral fluid intake
  • Medication : expectorant therapy
  • Positioning
  • Chest Physiotherapy referral
  • Family support to allay anxiety
  • Homecare
24
Q

What is the purpose of oxygen delivery device?

A
  1. relieve hypoxemia
  2. decrease work of breathing
  3. reduce myocardial stress
25
Q

What are the diagnostic tests that need to be done?

A
  • Chest x-ray
  • Respiratory function studies
  • Laboratory tests e.g. blood gas analysis
26
Q

What is the nursing management ( evaluation )

A
  1. Observe child’s respiratory effort and chest movement
  2. Observe child’s behaviour and activity ( tolerance of physiotherapy )
  3. Monitor vital signs
  4. Observe signs of inadequate hydration
  5. assess complications e.g. dehydration, weight loss or infection
  6. collaborate with child and family, observing their behaviour

children (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions