Respiratory System

Question 1

Mucus-secreting cells and cilia in the bronchi serve what function?

Answer 1

trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles

Question 2

The effect of smoking on the respiratory tract includes

Answer 2

immobilization of ciliated cells.

AND

destruction of white blood cells that patrol the respiratory tract.

Question 3

Smoking has been associated with what disorders of the body

Name at least 2

Answer 3

1. lung cancer.
2. breast cancer.
3. high blood pressure.
4. higher levels of LDL cholesterol

Question 4

The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to

Answer 4

intrapleural fluid.

Question 5

The overall exchange of oxygen inhaled from the air for waste carbon dioxide is

Answer 5

respiration.

Question 6

The oxygen content of air is approximately

Answer 6

21 percent

Question 7

Name the mammalian structure that is positioned in the pathway of air just before the alveoli.

Answer 7

bronchioles

Question 8

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the

Answer 8

epiglottis.

Question 9

When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the

Answer 9

larynx.

Question 10

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere is

Answer 10

0.04 percent.

Question 11

Exchange across a membrane requires

Answer 11

moisture and pressure gradients only.

Question 12

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by

Answer 12

diffusion.

Question 13

Decompression sickness is caused by

Answer 13

bubbles of nitrogen in the blood

Question 14

During inhalation,

Answer 14

the pressure in the pleural sac is less than the pressure within the lungs.

Remember: Pleural sac

Question 15

In humans ventilation is powered by

Answer 15

the diaphragm and rib muscles

Question 16

During exhalation,

Answer 16

the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.

Remember: It is greater in thoracic

Question 17

The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the

Answer 17

inspirational capacity.

Question 18

The amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs in each normal breath is termed

Answer 18

tidal volume

Question 19

A normal tidal volume is

Answer 19

500 milliliters

Question 20

Approximately how much “dead” air remains in the airways between breaths?

Answer 20

150 milliliters

Question 21

In order to dislodge food that has accidentally entered the trachea, which procedure is used?

Answer 21

the Heimlich maneuver.

Question 22

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream

Answer 22

because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood.

Question 23

The medical term for a collapsed lung is

Answer 23

The medical term for a collapsed lung is

Question 24

Which chemical secreted in the alveoli reduces surface tension?

Answer 24

pulmonary surfactant

Question 25

Which statement is NOT true?

Answer 25

a. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in fluid than in oxygen. b. Carbon dioxide diffuses more rapidly across the respiratory surface than oxygen does. c. The major muscle involved in breathing is the diaphragm. d. Oxygen is carried primarily by blood plasma. e. Carbon dioxide is carried by the blood plasma.

Question 26

When hemoglobin gives up O2?

Answer 26

partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is lower.

Question 27

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs

Answer 27

as bicarbonate ions.

Question 28

Carbonic anhydrase

Answer 28

is normally found in red blood cells.

Question 29

The enzyme responsible for converting free carbon dioxide in the blood into forms in which it

Answer 29

carbonic anhydrase

Question 30

Which statement is true? a. Breathing rate and depth are completely under voluntary control. b. A person can commit suicide by holding his or her breath. c. The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain. d. There are chemoreceptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing. e. The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain, and there are chemo-receptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.

Answer 30

The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain, and there are chemo-receptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.

Question 31

The rate and depth of breathing are governed by a. chemoreceptors in arterial walls. b. baroreceptors in the diaphragm. c. the partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere. d. a respiratory center in the brainstem. e. all of these except “baroreceptors in the diaphragm.”

Answer 31

all of these except “baroreceptors in the diaphragm

Question 32

Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air would be expected to

Answer 32

alert the brain, increase the breathing rate, and stimulate the carotid bodies.

Question 33

Breathing that stops briefly and then resumes spontaneously is called

Answer 33

apnea.

Question 34

The cessation of smoking has what type of benefits Name at least 2

Answer 34

1. can reduce the risk of stillbirth. 2. reduces the chances of cancer. 3. reduces the chances of coronary disease. 4. improves lung functioning. All of these are correct

Question 35

Life-long nonsmokers live an average of how much longer than those who in their mid-twenties smoked two packs of cigarettes a day?

Answer 35

7 to 9 years

Question 36

Smoking has been shown to cause Name at least 2

Answer 36

1. bronchitis. 2. emphysema. 3. lung cancer. 4. coronary disease. All of these are correct choices.

Question 37

What does a spirometer measure?

Answer 37

respiratory/ lung capacity

Question 38

What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?

Answer 38

asthma

Question 39

Pneumonia may be caused by Name at least 2

Answer 39

1. bacteria. 2. viruses. 3. fungi. 4. toxic fumes. All of these choices are correct

Question 40

When Ciliary action in the lungs is interfered with and mucus builds up, which disease may develop?

Answer 40

bronchitis

Question 41

The breakdown of alveoli causes

Answer 41

emphysema

Question 42

Four of the five answers listed below are components of the human respiratory system. Select the exception. a. thoracic cavity b. trachea c. diaphragm d. spiracle e. larynx

Answer 42

spiracle

Question 43

Four of the five answers listed below are related by a similar function. Select the exception. a. intercostal muscles b. medulla oblongata c. aortic bodies d. reticular formation e. carotid bodies

Answer 43

intercostal muscles

Question 44

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 44

closes the windpipe so that food does not enter it, which would result in aspiration

Question 45

Which of the following would not occur in the nasopharynx? a. warming of air b. odor detection c. gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from blood d. filtering of dust from air e. moisturizing of dry air

Answer 45

gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from blood

Question 46

What is the reason teenagers begin smoking?

Answer 46

to fit in socially.

Question 47

What is NOT a function of the nasal cavities?

Answer 47

oxygenate the blood

Question 48

What is hypoxia? Define and give at least 2 facts

Answer 48

It is low oxygen in the body. 1. Causes hyperventilation. 2. Depletes the tissues of oxygen. 3. Stimulates the brain's respiratory centers. 4. May be the result of changes in altitude. All of the are correct answers