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Anatomy and Physiology II > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Mucus-secreting cells and cilia in the bronchi serve what function?

A

trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles

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2
Q

The effect of smoking on the respiratory tract includes

A

immobilization of ciliated cells.

AND

destruction of white blood cells that patrol the respiratory tract.

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3
Q

Smoking has been associated with what disorders of the body

Name at least 2

A
  1. lung cancer.
  2. breast cancer.
  3. high blood pressure.
  4. higher levels of LDL cholesterol
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4
Q

The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to

A

intrapleural fluid.

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5
Q

The overall exchange of oxygen inhaled from the air for waste carbon dioxide is

A

respiration.

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6
Q

The oxygen content of air is approximately

A

21 percent

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7
Q

Name the mammalian structure that is positioned in the pathway of air just before the alveoli.

A

bronchioles

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8
Q

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the

A

epiglottis.

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9
Q

When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the

A

larynx.

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10
Q

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere is

A

0.04 percent.

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11
Q

Exchange across a membrane requires

A

moisture and pressure gradients only.

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12
Q

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by

A

diffusion.

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13
Q

Decompression sickness is caused by

A

bubbles of nitrogen in the blood

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14
Q

During inhalation,

A

the pressure in the pleural sac is less than the pressure within the lungs.

Remember: Pleural sac

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15
Q

In humans ventilation is powered by

A

the diaphragm and rib muscles

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16
Q

During exhalation,

A

the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.

Remember: It is greater in thoracic

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17
Q

The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the

A

inspirational capacity.

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18
Q

The amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs in each normal breath is termed

A

tidal volume

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19
Q

A normal tidal volume is

A

500 milliliters

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20
Q

Approximately how much “dead” air remains in the airways between breaths?

A

150 milliliters

21
Q

In order to dislodge food that has accidentally entered the trachea, which procedure is used?

A

the Heimlich maneuver.

22
Q

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream

A

because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood.

23
Q

The medical term for a collapsed lung is

A

The medical term for a collapsed lung is

24
Q

Which chemical secreted in the alveoli reduces surface tension?

A

pulmonary surfactant

25
Q

Which statement is NOT true?

A

a. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in fluid than in oxygen.
b. Carbon dioxide diffuses more rapidly across the respiratory surface than oxygen does.
c. The major muscle involved in breathing is the diaphragm.
d. Oxygen is carried primarily by blood plasma.
e. Carbon dioxide is carried by the blood plasma.

26
Q

When hemoglobin gives up O2?

A

partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is lower.

27
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs

A

as bicarbonate ions.

28
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

is normally found in red blood cells.

29
Q

The enzyme responsible for converting free carbon dioxide in the blood into forms in which it

A

carbonic anhydrase

30
Q

Which statement is true?

a. Breathing rate and depth are completely under voluntary control.
b. A person can commit suicide by holding his or her breath.
c. The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain.
d. There are chemoreceptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.
e. The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain, and there are chemo-receptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.

A

The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain, and there are chemo-receptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.

31
Q

The rate and depth of breathing are governed by

a. chemoreceptors in arterial walls.
b. baroreceptors in the diaphragm.
c. the partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere.
d. a respiratory center in the brainstem.
e. all of these except “baroreceptors in the diaphragm.”

A

all of these except “baroreceptors in the diaphragm

32
Q

Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air would be expected to

A

alert the brain, increase the breathing rate, and stimulate the carotid bodies.

33
Q

Breathing that stops briefly and then resumes spontaneously is called

A

apnea.

34
Q

The cessation of smoking has what type of benefits

Name at least 2

A
  1. can reduce the risk of stillbirth.
  2. reduces the chances of cancer.
  3. reduces the chances of coronary disease.
  4. improves lung functioning.

All of these are correct

35
Q

Life-long nonsmokers live an average of how much longer than those who in their mid-twenties smoked two packs of cigarettes a day?

A

7 to 9 years

36
Q

Smoking has been shown to cause

Name at least 2

A
  1. bronchitis.
  2. emphysema.
  3. lung cancer.
  4. coronary disease.

All of these are correct choices.

37
Q

What does a spirometer measure?

A

respiratory/ lung capacity

38
Q

What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?

A

asthma

39
Q

Pneumonia may be caused by

Name at least 2

A
  1. bacteria.
  2. viruses.
  3. fungi.
  4. toxic fumes.

All of these choices are correct

40
Q

When Ciliary action in the lungs is interfered with and mucus builds up, which disease may develop?

A

bronchitis

41
Q

The breakdown of alveoli causes

A

emphysema

42
Q

Four of the five answers listed below are components of the human respiratory system. Select the exception.

a. thoracic cavity
b. trachea
c. diaphragm
d. spiracle
e. larynx

A

spiracle

43
Q

Four of the five answers listed below are related by a similar function. Select the exception.

a. intercostal muscles
b. medulla oblongata
c. aortic bodies
d. reticular formation
e. carotid bodies

A

intercostal muscles

44
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

closes the windpipe so that food does not enter it, which would result in aspiration

45
Q

Which of the following would not occur in the nasopharynx?

a. warming of air
b. odor detection
c. gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from blood
d. filtering of dust from air
e. moisturizing of dry air

A

gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from blood

46
Q

What is the reason teenagers begin smoking?

A

to fit in socially.

47
Q

What is NOT a function of the nasal cavities?

A

oxygenate the blood

48
Q

What is hypoxia?

Define and give at least 2 facts

A

It is low oxygen in the body.

  1. Causes hyperventilation.
  2. Depletes the tissues of oxygen.
  3. Stimulates the brain’s respiratory centers.
  4. May be the result of changes in altitude.

All of the are correct answers

Anatomy and Physiology II (3 decks)

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