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Anatomy and Physiology II > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Clients who have undergone surgery or have been on prolonged bed rest are at increased risk for what condition

A

pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

What carries the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

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3
Q

The process of filtration in the glomerulus is driven by what?

A

A blood hydrostatic pressure

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4
Q

What is the outer layer of the eye?

A

A sclera

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5
Q

Which of the following white blood cells targets worms and fungi?

A

eosinophils

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6
Q

Cells produced by dividing B or T cells may enter a resting phase. How these cells are called?

A

memory cells

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7
Q

What do High-density lipoproteins do?

A

A carry cholesterol to the liver

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8
Q

What breaks down protein into amino acids?

A

A trypsin

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9
Q

To develop fever what substance should stimulate the brain to release prostaglandins?

A

cytokines

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10
Q

What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure?

A

Renin

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11
Q

Whiat is NOT involved in a feedback loop in the male reproductive system?

A

adrenal gland

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12
Q

What hormone influences sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

A

aldosterone

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13
Q

Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common location. Select the exception.

A

cervix

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14
Q

Cortisone and cortisol is an example of what group?

A

Glucocorticoid

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15
Q

What is NOT transported in plasma?

A

Bile

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16
Q

What hormone produced by the kidney is responsible for stimulation of the production of red
blood cells?

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

Which chemical released by white blood cells causes capillaries to leak?

A

Histamine

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18
Q

Three of the four answers listed below produce portions of the seminal fluid. Select the exception.

A

Epididymis

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19
Q

Which of the following serves to end the menstrual cycle?

A

the secretion of prostaglandins by the corpus luteum that lead to its self-destruction

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20
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

high levels of LH

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21
Q

The surface of which of the following is covered with fingerlike projections that produce a sweeping action

A

Oviduct

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22
Q

What is a blood disease in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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23
Q

A person who has type A (A negative) blood can receive a transfusion from which of the following?

A

type O

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24
Q

Unbroken skin and mucus are examples of what type of immunity?

A

natural immunity

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25
Which of the following has the highest blood pressure?
Aorta
26
What is a hereditary disease in which blood clots slowly or abnormally?
Hemophilia
27
The upper end of each ureter flares into a funnel shaped structure known as the what?
renal pelvis
28
What causes filtrate to flow from the blood into the glomerulus?
increase in blood pressure in the capillaries
29
Digestion of tissues in the stomach wall by gastric juice is usually prevented by what?
secretion of protein digesting enzymes in inactive form and a covering of mucus
30
What is an early sign of plaque formation in coronary arteries?
angina pectoris
31
How is severe chest pain that occurs when the heart does not receive enough oxygen called?
angina pectoris
32
The bicuspid (mitral) valve is located between what structures?
left atrium and left ventricle.
33
In what structure is sperm stored?
epididymis.
34
What are the characteristics of function of Low density lipoproteins?
carry cholesterol and other fats to body cells
35
What structure prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle?
none of the above or semilunar valve
36
What is the artery that runs along the upper arm and elbow area where a pulse point can be found?
Brachial
37
This gland regulates metabolic function and secretes T3 and T4.
Thyroid
38
What structure does send out an electrical impulse that regulates the heartbeat?
SA node
39
What structure does collect sound waves and direct them to the auditory canal?
pinna
40
Which of the following hormones controls the rate of metabolism, heat production, and oxidation of cells?
thyroxin
41
What are the warning signs of a heart attack?
all of these
42
If a physician hears two "lub" sounds instead of one, then which of the following conditions is true?
The atrioventricular valves are not closing at the same time
43
What condition can be caused by too little albumin in the blood?
edema
44
The semilunar valves are located between what structures?
both ventricles and the arteries that lead away from them
45
Which of the following glands is both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ?
thymus
46
All these increases the glomerular filtration rate except what?
increased secretion of atrial nartiuretic peptide
47
What is the most dangerous arrhythmia?
ventricular fibrillation
48
Which system involves plasma proteins activated when they contact a bacterial cell?
complement
49
Which chemical released by white blood cells causes arterioles to dilate?
histamine
50
How are the types of immunity a person is born with called?
natural and passive acquired
51
Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in someone who is immobile?
Thrombosis
52
Which vein collects blood from the head, arms and chest?
superior vena cava
53
What do large lymph vessels have in common with veins?
they have valves
54
If a client has a condition called orthopnea, what does this mean?
has difficulty breathing when he is lying down
55
The menstrual flow is the result of what process?
no implantation of a zygote, discarded uterine linings, and decreased levels of progesterone.
56
What hormone does regulate secretion of the pancreatic alkaline juices?
Secretin
57
This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor
Oxytocin
58
How to call the amount of blood each ventricle pumps in a minute?
cardiac output
59
From what structure does the pulmonary artery carry blood away?
right ventricle
60
What is the major site of antibody production as well as disposal of old red blood cells?
spleen
61
Which of the following is associated with specific immune responses?
B cells
62
The core of the immune system is made up of what cells?
white blood cells
63
What type of hearing loss results when the ear is blocked by ear wax?
conductive hearing loss
64
Where does the lymph vascular system begin?
the capillaries
65
What is an example of a cellular response to tissue injury?
neutrophil diapedesis
66
Cells produced by dividing B or T cells may immediately begin to destroy an invader. How are those cells called?
effector cells
67
The digestion of which class of foods begins in the mouth?
carbohydrates
68
Blood from the systemic circuit is first received by the heart in what structure?
right atrium
69
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
the lungs
70
FSH and LH are secreted by what?
anterior pituitary
71
What occurs during systole?
The heart muscle tissues contract
72
Which of the following is considered a second line of defense?
inflammation
73
Name the hormone that controls the concentration of urine.
antidiuretic hormone.
74
What is the purpose of bile in the digestive process?
break down fats
75
Four of the five answers listed below are true of testosterone. Select the exception.
produced by spermatogonia cells
76
How is a procedure using high-energy sound waves to blast kidney stones into fragments called?
lithotripsy
77
The longer this structure is, the greater the capacity to conserve water and concentrate solutes for excretion in the urine. What is it?
juxtamedullary nephron?
78
Name the artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Aorta
79
Which of the following is a trigger for the other actions described?
Extracellular fluid volume reduced.
80
Salt retention in the body's tissues reduces the production of urine by what process?
increasing the secretion of ADH
81
Using your knowledge of the feedback loops of human female hormones, which of the following would you predict is the result of high levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood?
absence of monthly ovulation
82
The hormone gastrin stimulates cells that secrete what product?
HCI and pepsinogen
83
What does the QRS wave of the ECG reading represent?
the depolarization of the ventricles
84
Which organ can be seriously affected by infectious mononucleosis?
spleen
85
The end of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle coincides with which process
ovulation
86
What is the most abundant of the plasma proteins?
albumin
87
Which process is the first step in the formation of urine in the nephrons?
filtration
88
How is the immunity that develops over time due to exposure to various antigens termed?
adaptive immunity
89
Which of the following white blood cells are equipped with receptors for specific antigens?
B and T lymphocytes
90
During swallowing, which structure aids the epiglottis in closing off the trachea?
is the vocal cords
91
What is a blood disease in which there is an increase in the number of RBCS?
Polycythemia
92
What type of antigen on the RBCs and type of antibodies circulating in the blood do individuals with type A blood have?
A; anti-B
93
Four of the five answers listed below are related by gender. Select the exception.
Sertoli cells
94
Other than being STDs, what do chlamydia and gonorrhea have in common?
cured with antibiotics | asymptomatic
95
The adrenal cortex secretes all of the following except:
epinephrine
96
How is a deficiency in the number and/or percentage of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood called?
anemia
97
The release of testosterone requires what hormone?
luteinizing hormone and GnRH.
98
What cells are lining the visceral layer of the Bowman's capsule?
Podocytes
99
What factor has been implicated as a trigger for the formation of artery-blocking plaques?
inflammation

Anatomy and Physiology II (3 decks)

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