respiratory system

Question 1

explain gaseous exchange

Answer 1

oxygen moved into the lungs via the nose or mouth, through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Oxygen reaches the alveoli and it diffuses through the moist membrane of the alveoli into the bloodstream in the capillary. CO2 diffuses out of the capillary into the alveoli in order for it to be exhaled.

Question 2

what is diffusion

Answer 2

diffusion is the process of a gas/liquid moving from high concentration to low concentration. This occurs between the alveoli and capillaries.

Question 3

Nose

Answer 3

The nose is the primary inhaler of air in the respiratory system. mucus and cilia trap dust and dirt particles and stop them from entering the lungs.

Question 4

Mouth

Answer 4

The mouth can be used to inhale air, however, the nose is the primary inhaler.

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

The pharynx is a cone-shaped structure that provides a passageway for air to move from the nose and mouth into the trachea.

Question 6

Larynx

Answer 6

The larynx, also known as the voice box is located at the top of the trachea and its primary function is the creation of sound, allowing us to speak.

Question 7

Trachea

Answer 7

The trachea is a rigid structure with prominent rings. It acts as a vacuum hose for air to move into the lungs and its structure allows this to occur. The trachea is lined with cilia which stops bacteria particles or dirt/dust to enter the lungs.

Question 8

Bronchus

Answer 8

There are 2 bronchi that break off the trachea into the left and right lung. They provide a passageway for air to move from the trachea into smaller structures like the bronchioles.

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

The bronchioles are small structures that stem off bronchi. They create a bronchial tree in the lungs which allows for air to be distributed to alveoli.

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

The alveoli are small air sacs found throughout the lungs. They have a thin wet membrane that allows for the diffusion of oxygen and CO2 between them and the capillaries. Gases move from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

The diaphragm is a muscle that contracts and relaxes in order to pull and push air in and out of the lungs.

Question 12

How does the diaphragm create a vacuum for air

Answer 12

The diaphragm contracts and flattens which causes the lungs to expand and pressure to decrease. This creates a vacuum for air to move into the lungs. The diaphragm then contracts into a dome shape and pushes upwards on the lungs. This makes the lungs decrease in size and pressure increases causing air to move out of the lungs. Air loved from high pressure to low pressure.

Question 13

Response to exercise

Answer 13

The respiratory must work harder and more efficiently in response to exercise. Muscles require a large amount of oxygen in order to exert force for movement and energy production. They also produce more CO2 as a result of exersize. The circulatory and respiratory systems must work harder to accommodate this. The circulatory must pump high levels of oxygen around the body and remove CO2 from the body more efficiently which also means the respiratory system must work harder in order for sufficient amounts of oxygen to be uptaken and CO2 to be exhaled. VENTILATION RATE INCREASE