Respiratory system Flashcards
components of the respiratory system include:
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs with their alveoli, diaphragm, and muscles surrounding the ribs
respiration is controlled by the
respiratory control center in the medulla of the brain
the respiratory system supplies ________ to the body and eliminates ________
oxygen; carbon dioxide
external respiration refers to the
exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli
internal respiration refers to the
exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells
the passageways between the nasal cavities and the alveoli conduct
gases to and from the lungs
the upper passageways also serve to
warm, filter, and moisten incoming air
the upper respiratory tubules are lined with
cilia that help trap debris and keep foreign substances from entering the lungs
inhalation requires the
contraction of the diaphragm to enlarge the thoracic cavity and draw air into the lungs
exhalation is a passive process which
the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size
most of the oxygen carried in the blood is
bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
oxygen is released from hemoglobin as the
concentration of oxygen drops in the tissues
some carbon dioxide is carried in
a solution or bound to blood proteins, but most is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells
because this reaction also releases hydrogen ions…
carbon dioxide is a regulator of blood pH
