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HESI anatomy and physiology exam > BEST hesi a2 version 1 and 2 > Flashcards

BEST hesi a2 version 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diet is important because bone are storage places for

A

calcium and phosphorous

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2
Q

As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

A

osteoclasts

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3
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Increased

A

cardiac output

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4
Q

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

A

thoracic

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5
Q

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted?

A

water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate

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6
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity?

A

vastus lateralis

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7
Q

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

A

hemoglobin

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8
Q

Which statement are true about bone?

A

osteoblast, epiphyseal, diaphysis

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9
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

A

pulmonary vein

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10
Q

The mitral value is located between which two structures?

A

left ventricle & left atrium

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11
Q

Golgi apparatus functions as?

A

process protein secretion, synthesize carbs and glycoproteins

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12
Q

What blood vessel prefuses the kidney?

A

renal vein

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13
Q

In white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis?

A

macrophages, neutrophils

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14
Q

What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell?

A

plasma membrane

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15
Q

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?

A

water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate

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16
Q

Which is a hollow organ?

A

gallbladder

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17
Q

Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group?

A

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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18
Q

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

A

medulla oblongata

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19
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?

A

blood pressure rises, goose bumps

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20
Q

The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.

A

diffusion

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21
Q

fuses within plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell

A

exocytosis

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22
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in

A

the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

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23
Q

what do endocrine hormones do

A

growth
metabolsim
sexual development and function

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24
Q

the process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two “daughter” cells in a process called cytokinesis

A

mitosis

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25
Q

distal convulted tubule controlled by

A

PTH

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26
Q

strongest contraction of the heart

A

left ventricle

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27
Q

lymphocytes

A

important in immune system

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28
Q

neutrophils

A

phagocytize (ingest) microorganisms

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29
Q

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?

A

pharynx

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30
Q

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreases sensation in

A

arm

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31
Q

Which bone dose not articulate with any other bone?

A

hyoid

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32
Q

. Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands?

A

they secrete chemicals into the blood

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33
Q

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

A

urethra

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34
Q

Ligaments provides which connection?

A

bone to bone

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35
Q

What structure conduct urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A

ureter

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36
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by with molecule?

A

lactic acid

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37
Q

Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?

A

evaporation

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38
Q

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:

A

carrot and squash

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39
Q

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

A

palms of the hand facing anterior

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40
Q

Which structure is a ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder

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41
Q

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?

A

skull ear

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42
Q

What are like cells grouped together called?

A

a tissue

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43
Q

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

A

popliteal

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44
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete

A

ear wax

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45
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

A

hinge

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46
Q

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

A

oral cavity

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47
Q

Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

A

the cell membrane

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48
Q

What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

A

involved with mood, anxiety, and sleep

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49
Q

What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)?

A

play a role in blood clotting

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50
Q

Which structure is located on the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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51
Q

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

A

head

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52
Q

Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland”?

A

pituitary gland

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53
Q

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

A

ligament

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54
Q

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

A

eccrine gland

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55
Q

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

A

eye

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56
Q

The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are located in which part of the body?

A

ear

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57
Q

Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

A

foot

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58
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

A

temporal lobe

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59
Q

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

A

cochlea

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60
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

A

Fallopian tubes

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61
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

A

lower leg

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62
Q

An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

A

external ear canals

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63
Q

The olfactory nerves is associate in which sense?

A

smell

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64
Q

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

A

vena cava

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65
Q

Hormone(s) is/are produced by the ovaries?

A

estrogen & progesterone

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66
Q

Plane divides the body into right and left sides?

A

sagittal

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67
Q

Two principles divisions that makeup nervous system?

A

peripheral (PNS) & central (CNS)

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68
Q

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?

A

epiphysis

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69
Q

Part of the brain attaches to spinal cord?

A

medulla oblongata

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70
Q

Which term is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from midline of the body?

A

abduction

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71
Q

Structure provides a pulse reading in the neck?

A

carotid artery

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72
Q

Which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

oxytocin

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73
Q

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin (blood)?

A

carry oxygen

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74
Q

What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?

A

rise in CO2; Fall in o2

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75
Q

Which condition causes a client to say “I can’t see far away”?

A

Nearsightedness

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76
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to burning sensation caused by which molecule?

A

lactic acid

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77
Q

What organ produces insulin?

A

pancreas

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78
Q

What effects do serotonin have on neurotransmitters?

A

appetite, sleep, mood

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79
Q

Fertilization occurs in the?

A

oviduct (Fallopian tubes)

80
Q

When drawing blood from autecubital region which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

A

median cubital

81
Q

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?

A

testosterone and estrogen

82
Q

Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what blood PH change?

A

alkalosis

83
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning?

A

temporal

84
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

regulates function of body, balance, and thermoregulation

85
Q

How many carb per gram do carbohydrates contain?

A

4

86
Q

When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called?

A

osmosis

87
Q

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

A

body become more acidic

88
Q

What plane divides the body from left to right?

A

sagittal plane

89
Q

What part of the body is the lower back?

A

lumbar

90
Q

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

A

potassium

91
Q

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

A

thyroid gland

92
Q

What part of the brain is attached to the spinal cord?

A

medulla oblongata

93
Q

What structure of the eye picks out color?

A

retina

94
Q

What is the outer most protective layer of the skin?

A

epidermis

95
Q

The organ of corti is located in?

A

ear

96
Q

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

A

small intestine

97
Q

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?

A

synthesize protein

98
Q

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?

A

synthesize protein

99
Q

What is the definition of chyme?

A

bolus that turns into soupy substance.

The result of action by the stomach.

100
Q

What are hormones?

A

chemical messengers

101
Q

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, progesterone

A

ovaries

102
Q

What structure is located in the upper airways?

A

nose, pharynx

103
Q

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

A

cilia

104
Q

The Mitral valve is located between which two structures?

A

left atrium & left ventricle

105
Q

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and OT (oxytocin)

106
Q

Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?

A

head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure

107
Q

Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?

A

red bone marrow

108
Q

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

A

dorsal

109
Q

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

A

thoracic

110
Q

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

A

external auditory canal and middle ear

111
Q

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

112
Q

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

A

thymus

113
Q

A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?

A

arm -inability to adduct arms and fingers

114
Q

Calcaneus is located in?

A

foot

115
Q

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?

A

expel waste

116
Q

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

A

corpus luteum

117
Q

what are fingerprints made of

A

friction ridges dac

118
Q

ABCD of cancer?

A

melanoma

119
Q

which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found

A

pelvic region

120
Q

which one increases angle at the joint

A

extensor

121
Q

which hormone is release by posterior lobe

A

oxytocin

122
Q

order of organization of living things

A

organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.

123
Q

what bones are formed first during intramembraneous ossification

A

flat bone of face and cranial

124
Q

most obvious skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

125
Q

active transport

A

requires energy and work from a cell

126
Q

passive transport and examples

A

doesn’t require energy

ex. diffusion and osmosis

127
Q

movement of water across a membrane

A

osmosis

128
Q

immoveable and held together by ligaments only

ex. teeth in socket

A

fibrous joint

129
Q

connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

A

cartilaginous

130
Q

highly moveable

hinge, pivot, saddle

A

synovial joints

131
Q

two types of asexual reproduction

A

binary fission and mitosis

132
Q

links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

A

Eustachian tube

133
Q

calciferol is controlled by

A

parathyroid

134
Q

sebaceous gland secretes

A

oil

135
Q

endocytosis

A

engulfs and brings in

136
Q

pituitary gland produces

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

GH

137
Q

adrenal gland secretes

A

cortisol and aldosterone

138
Q

Anaerobic respiration also produces

A

energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen.

139
Q

What part of the respiratory system is I the upper respiratory?

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

140
Q

aerobic respiration happens in presence of

A

oxygen

141
Q

soft spot on baby head

A

fontanelle

142
Q

layers of epidermis (outer to inner)

A

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

can lucy grant serena boys

143
Q

top of sternum

A

manubrium

144
Q

parts of sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid

145
Q

what makes up most plasma

A

water

146
Q

polypeptide are

A

chains of amino acids

147
Q

to make haploid gametes and the production of germs cells

A

meiosis

148
Q

precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Generates oxygen as a byproduct.

A

photosynthesis

149
Q

the ribs are attached to

A

the sternum

150
Q

a thin pouch in the heart

A

auricle

151
Q

expands thoracic cavity

A

inspiration

152
Q

separates abdominal and thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

153
Q

HCL chemical in stomach, why not absorbed/ harm stomach=

A

mucus lining protects

154
Q

what makes colors of the skin

A

melanin and melanocytes

155
Q

distal convoluted tubule works with hormone

A

ADH

156
Q

produced by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin

157
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

158
Q

tendon

A

bone to muscle

159
Q

osteocytes

A

bone forming cells

160
Q

4 steps of bone ossification

A

hematoma formation
callus formation
ossification
bone remodeling

161
Q

gallbladder is part of

A

digestive system

162
Q

extends knee and stabilizes

A

vastus lateralis

163
Q

muscle contraction that moves food thru digestive tract

A

peristalsis

164
Q

where are schwann cells

A

nervous system

165
Q

how does nervous system work with muscular

A

tells muscle how to respond to environment

166
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary movements

167
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary movements

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

168
Q

which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth

A

endocrine

169
Q

how does lymph work with circulatory

A

lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into blood vessels

170
Q

function of parathyroid

A

activation of vitamin D

171
Q

what is a normal beat

A

72 bpm 120 over 80

172
Q

how is pepsin used in the body

A

breakdown proteins

173
Q

esophagus is part of the

A

digestive system

174
Q

which system produces antibodies

A

lymphatic

175
Q

blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to heart msucle returns to right atrium via

A

coronary sinus

176
Q

46 chromosomes

A

diploid

177
Q

23 chromosomes

A

haploid

178
Q

skeletal system function

A
  1. protection
  2. movement
  3. mineral storage
  4. production of blood
179
Q

efferent

A

away from CNS

180
Q

afferent

A

toward CNS

181
Q

a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.

A

ovum

182
Q

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

A

gamete

183
Q

carry blood away from body in order to exchange nutrients oxygen and waste

A

capillaries

184
Q

What is the exchang eof gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?

A

external respiration

185
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following?

A

It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood
cells.

186
Q

what are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?

A

Production of gametes and production of hormones

187
Q

which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs

A

connective

188
Q

what are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion

A

eccrine glands

189
Q

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?

A

neurons

190
Q

monocytes

A

become macrophages

191
Q

in order for inhalation to occur

A

contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air

192
Q

functional units of the kidney

A

nephrons

193
Q

when boxer gets hit and has deviated septum?

A

vomer (in nose)

194
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

fallopian tubes

195
Q

cellular contact is important for

A

wound healing

196
Q

most abundant tissue

A

connective

HESI anatomy and physiology exam (12 decks)

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