BEST hesi a2 version 1 and 2 Flashcards
Diet is important because bone are storage places for
calcium and phosphorous
As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
osteoclasts
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Increased
cardiac output
The mediastinum is located within which cavity?
thoracic
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted?
water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate
Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity?
vastus lateralis
Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
hemoglobin
Which statement are true about bone?
osteoblast, epiphyseal, diaphysis
Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
pulmonary vein
The mitral value is located between which two structures?
left ventricle & left atrium
Golgi apparatus functions as?
process protein secretion, synthesize carbs and glycoproteins
What blood vessel prefuses the kidney?
renal vein
In white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis?
macrophages, neutrophils
What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell?
plasma membrane
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?
water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate
Which is a hollow organ?
gallbladder
Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group?
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?
medulla oblongata
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?
blood pressure rises, goose bumps
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.
diffusion
fuses within plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell
exocytosis
Aerobic respiration takes place in
the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
what do endocrine hormones do
growth
metabolsim
sexual development and function
the process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two “daughter” cells in a process called cytokinesis
mitosis
distal convulted tubule controlled by
PTH
strongest contraction of the heart
left ventricle
lymphocytes
important in immune system
neutrophils
phagocytize (ingest) microorganisms
Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?
pharynx
A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreases sensation in
arm
Which bone dose not articulate with any other bone?
hyoid
. Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands?
they secrete chemicals into the blood
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?
urethra
Ligaments provides which connection?
bone to bone
What structure conduct urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
ureter
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by with molecule?
lactic acid
Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?
evaporation
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:
carrot and squash
Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
palms of the hand facing anterior
Which structure is a ball and socket joint?
shoulder
Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?
skull ear
What are like cells grouped together called?
a tissue
The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?
popliteal
Ceruminous glands secrete
ear wax
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
hinge
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
oral cavity
Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?
the cell membrane
What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?
involved with mood, anxiety, and sleep
What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)?
play a role in blood clotting
Which structure is located on the sternum
xiphoid process
The occipital region is located in which part of the body?
head
Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland”?
pituitary gland
Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
ligament
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
eccrine gland
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
eye
The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are located in which part of the body?
ear
Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?
foot
Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?
temporal lobe
What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?
cochlea
Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
Fallopian tubes
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?
lower leg
An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?
external ear canals
The olfactory nerves is associate in which sense?
smell
Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
vena cava
Hormone(s) is/are produced by the ovaries?
estrogen & progesterone
Plane divides the body into right and left sides?
sagittal
Two principles divisions that makeup nervous system?
peripheral (PNS) & central (CNS)
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?
epiphysis
Part of the brain attaches to spinal cord?
medulla oblongata
Which term is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from midline of the body?
abduction
Structure provides a pulse reading in the neck?
carotid artery
Which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland?
oxytocin
What is the primary function of the hemoglobin (blood)?
carry oxygen
What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?
rise in CO2; Fall in o2
Which condition causes a client to say “I can’t see far away”?
Nearsightedness
Anaerobic respiration can lead to burning sensation caused by which molecule?
lactic acid
What organ produces insulin?
pancreas
What effects do serotonin have on neurotransmitters?
appetite, sleep, mood
Fertilization occurs in the?
oviduct (Fallopian tubes)
When drawing blood from autecubital region which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?
median cubital
What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?
testosterone and estrogen
Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what blood PH change?
alkalosis
What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning?
temporal
What is the function of the hypothalamus
regulates function of body, balance, and thermoregulation
How many carb per gram do carbohydrates contain?
4
When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called?
osmosis
What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?
body become more acidic
What plane divides the body from left to right?
sagittal plane
What part of the body is the lower back?
lumbar
High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?
potassium
What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?
thyroid gland
What part of the brain is attached to the spinal cord?
medulla oblongata
What structure of the eye picks out color?
retina
What is the outer most protective layer of the skin?
epidermis
The organ of corti is located in?
ear
Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?
small intestine
The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?
synthesize protein
The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?
synthesize protein
What is the definition of chyme?
bolus that turns into soupy substance.
The result of action by the stomach.
What are hormones?
chemical messengers
What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, progesterone
ovaries
What structure is located in the upper airways?
nose, pharynx
What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?
cilia
The Mitral valve is located between which two structures?
left atrium & left ventricle
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and OT (oxytocin)
Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?
head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure
Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?
red bone marrow
The buttocks are which surface of the body?
dorsal
The esophagus is located in which body cavity?
thoracic
The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?
external auditory canal and middle ear
How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
28 days
Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
thymus
A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?
arm -inability to adduct arms and fingers
Calcaneus is located in?
foot
Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?
expel waste
Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?
corpus luteum
what are fingerprints made of
friction ridges dac
ABCD of cancer?
melanoma
which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found
pelvic region
which one increases angle at the joint
extensor
which hormone is release by posterior lobe
oxytocin
order of organization of living things
organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.
what bones are formed first during intramembraneous ossification
flat bone of face and cranial
most obvious skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
active transport
requires energy and work from a cell
passive transport and examples
doesn’t require energy
ex. diffusion and osmosis
movement of water across a membrane
osmosis
immoveable and held together by ligaments only
ex. teeth in socket
fibrous joint
connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage
cartilaginous
highly moveable
hinge, pivot, saddle
synovial joints
two types of asexual reproduction
binary fission and mitosis
links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
Eustachian tube
calciferol is controlled by
parathyroid
sebaceous gland secretes
oil
endocytosis
engulfs and brings in
pituitary gland produces
adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH
adrenal gland secretes
cortisol and aldosterone
Anaerobic respiration also produces
energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen.
What part of the respiratory system is I the upper respiratory?
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
aerobic respiration happens in presence of
oxygen
soft spot on baby head
fontanelle
layers of epidermis (outer to inner)
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
can lucy grant serena boys
top of sternum
manubrium
parts of sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid
what makes up most plasma
water
polypeptide are
chains of amino acids
to make haploid gametes and the production of germs cells
meiosis
precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Generates oxygen as a byproduct.
photosynthesis
the ribs are attached to
the sternum
a thin pouch in the heart
auricle
expands thoracic cavity
inspiration
separates abdominal and thoracic cavity
diaphragm
HCL chemical in stomach, why not absorbed/ harm stomach=
mucus lining protects
what makes colors of the skin
melanin and melanocytes
distal convoluted tubule works with hormone
ADH
produced by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary
oxytocin
ligament
bone to bone
tendon
bone to muscle
osteocytes
bone forming cells
4 steps of bone ossification
hematoma formation
callus formation
ossification
bone remodeling
gallbladder is part of
digestive system
extends knee and stabilizes
vastus lateralis
muscle contraction that moves food thru digestive tract
peristalsis
where are schwann cells
nervous system
how does nervous system work with muscular
tells muscle how to respond to environment
somatic nervous system
voluntary movements
autonomic nervous system
involuntary movements
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth
endocrine
how does lymph work with circulatory
lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into blood vessels
function of parathyroid
activation of vitamin D
what is a normal beat
72 bpm 120 over 80
how is pepsin used in the body
breakdown proteins
esophagus is part of the
digestive system
which system produces antibodies
lymphatic
blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to heart msucle returns to right atrium via
coronary sinus
46 chromosomes
diploid
23 chromosomes
haploid
skeletal system function
- protection
- movement
- mineral storage
- production of blood
efferent
away from CNS
afferent
toward CNS
a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.
ovum
a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
gamete
carry blood away from body in order to exchange nutrients oxygen and waste
capillaries
What is the exchang eof gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?
external respiration
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following?
It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood
cells.
what are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?
Production of gametes and production of hormones
which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs
connective
what are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion
eccrine glands
All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?
neurons
monocytes
become macrophages
in order for inhalation to occur
contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air
functional units of the kidney
nephrons
when boxer gets hit and has deviated septum?
vomer (in nose)
Where does fertilization occur?
fallopian tubes
cellular contact is important for
wound healing
most abundant tissue
connective
