Respiratory system-1/2 Flashcards
what are the two functionally distinct portions of the respiratory system?
- conducting
- nasal cavity
- nasopharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- brnchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
- respiratory
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
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what are the four functions of the conducting portion of the lungs?
- conduit for delivering air to the lungs
- conditions incoming air be cleansing, moistening and warming
- olfaction- superior portion
- small area of conducting portion possesses the sensory receptors and other specializations necessary for
- sound production - lower portion
- vocal folds in the larynx
decribe the following for respiratory epithelium
- tissue type
- begining of conducting
- end of conducting
- areas exposed to rapid airflow or prone to abrasion
- pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
- simple cuboidal columnar ->simple cuboidal epithelium
- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithlium
describe the cell type associated with the respiratory epithelium
- most numerous cells
- second most numerous
- sensory receptors
- regenerative cellsw
- diffuse endocrine cells
- ciliated columnar cells
- has hundreds of cilia on its apical surface that move mucus along the epithlial surface
- goblet (mucos) cells
- produce and secrete mucous.
- product = polysaccharide rich mucous droplets
- brush cells
- sensory receptors covered in microvilli on the apical surface
- basal (stem) cells
- regenerative cells capable of dividing and differentiating in to other cell types
- small granule cells
- diffuse endocrine system located on the BASAL lamina and have numerous granules.
- granules = hormones secreted for regulating the mucous and serous secretions of other cells.
what is the portion of the nasal cavity where air enters first?
vestibule
the anterior dilated portion of the vestibule.
lined by skin with 1___ 2__ 3___
Nares- composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
- vibrissae
- sweat glands
- sebaceous glands
hyaline cartilage that divides the vestibule into right and left halves.
nasal septum. internal to the vestibule the nasal septum is composed of bone
3 shelf like folds in the bony lateral walls of the nasal cavity
- function
- differentiate in the what covers the inferior and superior portions
nasal conchae (turbinates)
- funciton
- increasing the surface area exposed to the air
- disrupting the air flow
- covering
- inferior
- respiratory epithelium
- superior
- olfactory epithelium
- inferior
what are the four cell types included in olfactory epithelium?
- list function and structure of each
- notes
which is the most numerous?
- olfactory cells
- function
- olfactory sensory reception
- structure
- each olfactory cells is a biopolar neuron
- apical surface
- slightly above the surface of surrounding cells
- notes
- generate nerve impulse in response to the oderiferous molecules
- cells axons project through basal lamina, forming nerve fiber bundles in the lamina propria->CN 1 through the cririform plate
- function
- sustantacular
- function
- to support and electrically insulate the olfactory cells
- structure
- most numerous in olfactory epithelium
- notes
- microvilli on apical surface
- form junctions with eachother and olfactory cells
- function
- basal
- function
- can replace
- olfactory cells
- sustantacular cells
- can replace
- structure
- short pyramid shape
- located in the base of the epithelium
- function
- Olfactory glands(bowmans)
- function
- produce a serous secretion that traps and dissolves odiferous substances
- srous secretion flow purpose
- constant flow from these glands removes old scents
- and permits detection of new scents
- structure
- found in lamina propria
- deep to the olfactory epithlium and ducts open on the epithelial surface
- function
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/297/466/766/a_image_thumb.png?1578076938)
relatively large, blind cavities present in 4 skull bones, which communicates with small openings
what are the skull bones
paranasal sinuses
- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxilla
what lines the sinuses? describe the location of the lamina propria and the glands with in here.
respiratory epithlium
- thin lamina propria is continuous with the periosteum
- possesses seromucous glands
describe the structure on the apical surface of the resipratory epithlium.
cilia
beat in such a way that mucous is moved towards the nasal cavity
inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
sinusitus
results from an upper respiratory tract infection
- cronic sinusitis and chronic bronchitis
- componenets of inherited disorder from ciliary dysfunciton
- kartagener syndrom
- dyskinesis
- componenets of inherited disorder from ciliary dysfunciton
connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus
pharynx
located posterior to the nasal cavity and is lined by respiratory epithelium
nasopharynx