Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sensory Ecology > Respiratory sounds > Flashcards

Respiratory sounds Flashcards

1
Q

Give the 2 methods of respiratory sound.

A

Non-vocal- Breathing sounds

Vocal- Vocalisations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does respiratory sound production occur ?

A

In the mammalian larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the way respiratory sound is produced

A

Vocal folds are closed
Air flow increases
VF begin to open
Air pressure will increase Release puff of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main feature of the sound produced by respiratory means ?

A

Will be rich in overtones

Not a perfect sound wave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the sound produced by the Indri (lemur)

A

Fundamental freq. 750-1100 Hz
Individuals will usually duet
Many harmonic overtones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the sound produced by the African Elephant.

A

Fundametnal freq. 15-20 Hz
Greeting rumble
Many harmonic overtones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sepecies produces the lowest frequency mammalian noise ?

A

African elephant.

Enabled by large voice box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the vibration frequency of the vocal folds depend on ?

A

The length of the vocal folds.

i.e. The longer the fold, the slower the vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is voice box size proportional to ?

A

The length of the animal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will the frequency of noise be in a larger animal ?

A

Lower frequency

Larger voice box, larger vocal folds, slower vocal fold vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which species do not produce the frequency expected ?

A

Horses.

Large mass but higher frequency than expected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the 2 vocal elements of the hippopotamus.

A

Fundamental frequencies 190Hz, Harmonic overtones
AND
Breathing elements (inhale)
No harmonic structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do hippopotamuses propagate noise ?

A

Half in air and half under water

Audible under water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What group of sounds in the human language have harmonic structure ?

A

3 vocal vowels, ‘a’ ‘ou’ ‘i’

Fundamental frequency- 100Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vowels have many harmonic overtones,

What are Formants ?

A

Overtones with the most energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consonants ‘c’, ‘st’, ‘s’ have harmonic structure.

True or False ?

A

False,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are vowels formed ?

A

In the voice box

Have many harmonic overtones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the mammalian larynx differ from a birds ?

A

Have an Avian Syrinx
2 Vibrating valves
Have independent control over both sides,

19
Q

What is the benefit to the bird of having independent control of both sides of the Syrinx ?

A

Can sing 2 different sounds at the same time
Can alternate, mid-element
Diff frequency ranges on both sides.

20
Q

Describe the song of the linnet

A

Highly complex
Dense series of harmonics
Low fundamental frequency

21
Q

Describe the song of the brown headed cow bird.

A

Rapid clusters of notes
Right syrinx- High frequency
Left syrinx- Low frequency
Able to switch between valves in one element

22
Q

Why is sound production so important to aquatic mammals ?

A

Too dark for vision

Olfaction is hampered by slow diffusion

23
Q

Define olfaction

A

Sense of smell

24
Q

What is the function of sound for Baleen Whales ?

A

Communication

i.e Humpback Whale

25
Q

What is the function of sound for toothed Whales ?

A

Biosonar

i.e Bottlenose dolphin

26
Q

What is special about the sound produced by humpback whales ?

A

Males Sing- for hours

Tradition- new song every year

27
Q

How do humpbacked whales produce sound ?

A

Still unclear

Have larynx but no vocal calls

28
Q

What are the problems with humpbacked whales communicating at certain depth ?

A

Air is compressed as they travel to this greater depth

Have to have large intake of O2

29
Q

How do humpbacked whales utilise all available air ?

A

Produce sounds at inhale and exhale

Recycle air, by pumping it back and forth

30
Q

Bottlenose dolphins produce sounds via their larynx

True or False ?

A

No Larynx in toothed Whales

Use phonic lips and nasal airway.

31
Q

Describe how dolphins produce sounds for echolocation.

A

Monkey lips- produce clicks
They are found in the nasal airway
Air is forced In from below forcing the ML to clap shut

32
Q

What is the function of the out of water communication that dolphins produce ?

A

No function, create it due to training by humans.

33
Q

What determines sound radiation patterns in air ?

A

The shape of the mouth,

Airborne sound is reflected by body tissue.

34
Q

How does the howler monkey affect its sound radiation pattern ?

A

by funnelling it using its lips.

35
Q

The close the impedances of 2 media……

A

The better sound passes from one medum to the other.

36
Q

Give the impedance p*c ratio of Air and Water

A

A : W

1 : 3600

37
Q

All airborne sound enters water and vice versa

True of False ?

A

False.

The impedance ratios are very far apart (1, 3600).

38
Q

Give the Absorption ratio of air to water

A

Air : Water

1000: 1

39
Q

Sound travels much further in air

True or False

A

False,

Sound travels further in water, hardly absorbed in comp. to air

40
Q

Why are sound radiation patterns not affected by body tissue under water ?

A

Body tissue and water have a similar impedance

Sound in water will pass straight through tissue.

41
Q

How do marine mammals reflect sounds underwater ?

A

Using air filled cavities

42
Q

How do marine mammals manipulate underwater sound ?

A

Use oily/fatty tissue
Their density differs from water
Manipulate sound like optic lense

43
Q

Give examples of structures in marine mammals which have developed to manipulate sound.

A

Dolphins- Melon
Sperm Whales- Nose
Hippopotamus- Double chin

Sensory Ecology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions