Classes of animal sounds

Question 1

Give the 2 methods of animal sound.

Answer 1

Mechanical sounds

Respiratory sounds

Question 2

How are mechanical sounds made ?

Answer 2

Movement- wings, legs
Thermoregulations- Shiver
Food processing- grind, click

Question 3

What do mechanical sounds require ?

Answer 3

Mutual contact between body parts
OR
Contact between the body and the environment.

Question 4

What is Stridulation ?

Answer 4

Production of sound by rubbing together body parts.

Question 5

Describe the Stridulation of grasshoppers.

Answer 5

Each forewing has a vein with ridges (File)
A scraper is found on the hind leg
Fast leg movements- rub F&S together vibrating the wings

Question 6

How is the Stridulation of male grasshoppers an example of speciation ?

Answer 6

Diff, grasshopper species evolved
Due to female preference for male Stridulation song.
Songs are now species specific

Question 7

Describe the overall Stridulation of Crickets and Bushcrickets.

Answer 7

File (50-300 ridges) on wings
Scraper on other wing.
Rub when opening and closing to cause wings to vibrate

Question 8

What is function of the mirror and the harp in cricket Stridulation ?

Answer 8

They are resonating areas of wing which amplify sound.

Are tuned to the frequency of the scraper.

Question 9

Describe the amplification techniques of the mole cricket.

Answer 9

Hollow abdomen resonates

Complex singing burrow for head and thorax. Horn shaped opening for abdomen.

Question 10

What are the advantages of a mole crickets singing burrow ?

Answer 10

Amplifies song

Provides protection from predation

Question 11

Describe the Stridulation of a cicada.

Answer 11

Contract internal timbal muscle
Buckles inwards creating click

Relax internal timbal muscles
Producing another click

Question 12

How does the Cicada amplify its sound ?

Answer 12

Via air filled cavities in the abdomen

Amplify via resonance.

Question 13

Give the names of the 2 fish families which are highly vocal.

Answer 13

Pomadasyidae- Grunts

Sciaenidae - Drums, Croakers

Question 14

How does the seahorse create noise ?

Answer 14

Uses head flick

Question 15

Which species drums on its swim bladder ?

Answer 15

Haddock,

They contract a muscle attached to the SB to drum

Question 16

How does the herring signal to its shoal to avoid predation ?

Answer 16

By releasing air from its anus.

Question 17

How do snipe create noise for vocal displays ?

Answer 17

In-flight ‘drumming’ display

Steep powered dive sets outer tail feathers to vibrate.

Question 18

How do Manikins create their high pitched display sound ?

Answer 18

By rubbing their wing feathers together.

Question 19

What noise production technique does the leafhopper use ?

Answer 19

Substrate vibrations
Vibrate the plant as a means of communication.
Not audible by predators

Question 20

How do Hares and Rabbits create a warning signal ?

Answer 20

Use their hind legs to thumb the ground.

Substrate and Airbourne sound

Question 21

Give 2 species which use airborne signals to communicate

Answer 21

Woodpeckers-
Chimpanzees
Both drum on trees