Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Respiratory SBAs > Flashcards

Respiratory SBAs Flashcards

1
Q

what is a normal FEV1:FVC ratio

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does a reduced and increased FEV1:FVC ratio indicate

A

reduced - obstructive

increased - restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is fibrosis a obstructive or restrictive defect

A

restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

def of chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough for >3 months a year for at least 2 consecutive years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

haemophilus influenzae + streptococcus pneumoniae are responsible for what types of pneumonia

A

community acquired pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

staphylococcus aureus + pseudomonas are responsible for what types of pneumoniae

A

hospital acquired pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is an atypical CAP

A

legionella pneumophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the def of T1RF

A

PO2 <8kPa (hypoxia) with normal or low PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the cause of T1RF

A

ventilation/perfusion mismatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are common causes of ventilation/perfusion mismatch

A

pneumonia
pulmonary oedema
PE
asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the def of T2RF

A

PO2 <8kPa (hypoxia) and PCO2 >6.5kPa (hypercapnia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the causes of T2RF

A 
1 pulmonary disease
-pneumonia
-COPD
-asthma
2 reduced respiratory drive
-sedative drugs
3 neuromuscular disease
-myasthenia gravis
-guillain barre syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are features of pleural effusion

A

reduced air entry
dullness to percussion (‘stony dullness’)
reduced chest expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

def of transudate

A

extravascular fluid with low protein content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

def of exudate

A

extravascular fluid with high protein content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aetiology of transudate

A

increased hydrostatic pressure (this pushes fluid out of the circulatory system)
decreased oncotic pressure (exerted by proteins, notably albumin, which pulls fluid into the circulatory system, therefore reduced fluid drawn into the circulatory system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the common causes of transudate

A 
1 increased hydrostatic pressure
-HF
-restrictive pericarditis
2 decreased oncotic pressure (hypoproteinaemia)
-cirrhosis
-nephrotic syndrome
-malasbsorption
3 hypothyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aetiology of exudate

A

increased capillary permeability secondary to inflammation

any fluid which filters from the circulatory system into areas of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does a clear and cloudy pleural aspirate commonly indicate

A

clear - transudate (low protein)

cloudy - exudate (high protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the common causes of exudate

A 
1 infection
-pneumonia
-TB
2 inflammation
-pulmonary infarction
3 malignancy
-bronchogenic carcinoma
-mesothelioma
21
Q

what is commonly seen on an ECG with PE

A

sinus tachycardia

22
Q

what is occasionally seen on an ECG with PE

A

RAD
RBBB
new onset AF

23
Q

what is rarely seen on an ECG with PE

A

S1Q3T3

deep s waves in lead 1
pathological Q waves in lead 3
inverted t waves in lead 3

24
Q

a 46y/o female has been diagnosed with bronchiectasis. which of the following is not a cause of bronchiectasis

kartageners syndrome
CF
pneumonia
LVF
bronchogenic carcinoma
A

LVF

25
Q

respiratory causes of clubbing

A 
bronchogenic carcinoma
empyema
mesothelioma
CF
lung abscess
fibrosing alveolitis
bronchiectasis
26
Q

is clubbing found in COPD

A

no

27
Q

what can lung cancers be divided into

A

non-small cell carcinomas

small cell carcinomas

28
Q

what can non-small cell carcinomas be divided into

A

squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
large cell carcinoma
carcinoid tumour

29
Q

what is the most common form of lung cancer is someone who has never smoked

A

adenocarcinomas

30
Q

what is cor pulmonale

A

RHF caused by chronic pulmonary HTN

31
Q

what are the causes of cor pulmonale

A 
1 lung disease
-asthma
-COPD
-bronchiectasis
-pulmonary fibrosis
-lung resection
2 peripheral vascular disease
-primary pulmonary HTN
-PE
-sickle cell disease
3 thoracic cage abnormalities
-kyphosis
-scoliosis
4 neuromuscular disease
-myasthenia gravis
32
Q

what is a common cause of bilateral reticulo-nodular shadowing on CXR

A

pulmonary fibrosis

starts at bases and moves superiorly

33
Q

why does the volume of the peripheral pulse fall as a patient inspires in an exacerbation of asthma

A

as the patient inspires, air flow compromise (due to narrowing of airways in asthma exacerbations) causes an increase in negative intrathoracic pressure
the increased negative thoracic pressure causes pulmonary vasculature dilatation
decreased LA filling occurs as the pooling of blood in the lungs causes reduced venous return to LA

34
Q

what is a transudate

A

protein <30g/l

35
Q

what is a exudate

A

protein >30g/l

36
Q

what criteria is used to differentiate between exudate and transudate pleural effusion

A

lights criteria

37
Q

what are the lights criteria

A

defined as exudate if one of the following is present
1 effusion protein/serum protein ratio >0.5
2 effusion LDH/serum LDH <0.6
3 effusion LDH greater than 2/3s of the upper limit of normal serum LDH

38
Q

what is a positive NaCl sweat test and what does it indicate

A

> 60mmol/l

CF

39
Q

what chronic pneumonia is associated with CF

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

40
Q

what are drug causes of pulmonary fibrosis

A

amiodarone

methotrexate

41
Q

features of legionella pneumophilia

A

colonise water tanks + AC units
history includes initial nonspecific flu-like symptoms followed by dry cough + SOB
deranged LFTs
hyponatraemia

42
Q

what are the medication for aspergillosis infection

A

antifungal

amphotericin B

43
Q

what is secreted from small cell carcinomas

A

ADH
ACTH

cause high urine osmolality and high urine Na conc

hyponatraemia

44
Q

what does salbutamol do to potassium levels

A

reduces potassium levels

45
Q

what is the medical management for TB

A

4 months of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide

followed by 2 months of isoniazid + rifimapicin

46
Q

what is a risk with isoniazid

A

hepatotoxic which can derange LFTs

depletion of Vit B6 can cause peripheral neuropathy

47
Q

what are criteria for ARDS

A 
if ALL four are present
1 acute onset
2 bilateral infiltation on CXR
3 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <19 or lack of CCF
4 refractory hypoxaemia PaO2:FiO2 >200
48
Q

what is PaO2:FiO2

A

ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen

Respiratory (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions