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Respiratory > PassMedicine > Flashcards

PassMedicine Flashcards

1
Q

which asthma medication may affect growth in young children

A

inhaled corticosteroids

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2
Q

what would be found in spirometry from a patient with asthma

A

FEV1 - reduced
FVC - normal
FEV1:FVC ratio <70%

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3
Q

example of SABA

A

salbutamol

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4
Q

example of inhaled corticosteroid

A

beclometasone

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5
Q

example of LABA

A

salmeterol

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6
Q

example of LRA

A

monteleukast

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7
Q

which organism causing pneumonia is associated with recent influenza infection

A

s. aureus

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8
Q

which organism causing pneumonia is associated with a PMH of COPD

A

haemophilus influenzae

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9
Q

what is the most common cause of pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumoniae (80%)

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10
Q

what organism causing pneumonia is associated with alcoholics

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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11
Q

what is first line with an exacerbation of asthma

A

SABA

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12
Q

what is commonly referred to as the ‘reliever’ in asthmatics

A

SABA/blue pump/salbutamol

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13
Q

what type of blood gas abnormality does life-threatening asthma cause

A

respiratory acidosis

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14
Q

what level does the aorta and oesophagus perforate the diaphragm

A

oesophagus T10

aorta T12

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15
Q

what are common causes of respiratory alkolosis

A

anxiety leading to hyperventilation
PE
CNS disorders (stroke, SAH, encephalitis)
pregnancy

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16
Q

what does salicylate poisoning cause

A

mixed respiratory alkolosis + metabolic acidosis
early - resp alkalosis
late - metabolic acidosis

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17
Q

what are common causes of respiratory acidosis

A

COPD
asthma
sedative drugs (benzodiazepines, opiates)

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18
Q

what is the MOA for theophylline

A

non specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase resulting in increased cAMP

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19
Q

what are common causes of fibrosis affecting the upper zones

A 
hypersensitivity pneumonitis (EAA)
coal workers pneumoconiosis
silicosis
sarcoidosis
TB
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20
Q

what are common causes of fibrosis affecting the lower zones

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
most CTDs (RA) (except ankylosing spondylitis)
amiodarone, methotrexate, bleomycin
asbestosis

21
Q

what does Left shift on the oxygen dissociation curve mean

A

Lower oxygen delivery to tissues

22
Q

what does Right shift on the oxygen dissociation curve mean

A

Raised oxygen delivery to tissues

23
Q

what are causes of left shift (lower oxygen delivery)

A 
HbF, methaemoglobin, carboxyhaemoglobin
low H+ alkalosis
low pCO2
low 2,3-DPG
low temp
24
Q

what are causes of right shift (raised oxygen delivery)

A

raised H+ (acidosis)
raised pCO2
raised 2,3-DPG
raised temp

25
Q

what are paraneoplastic features of small cell lung carcinoma

A

ADH secretion causing hyponatraemia

ACTH secretion

26
Q

what are paraneoplastic features of squamous cell lung carcinoma

A

hypercalcaemia secondary to PTH-rp
hyperthyroidism due to ectopic TSH
clubbing

27
Q

what are paraneoplastic features of adenocarcinoma

A

gynaecomastia

28
Q

is PSC more associated with UC or CD

A

UC

29
Q

what sort of condition is PBC

A

an autoimmune condition
interlobar bile ducts become damaged by a chronic inflammatory processes which causes cholestasis and eventually cirrhosis

30
Q

what are the clinical features of PBC

A

a cholestatic picture (raised ALP, bilirubin)
cholestatic jaundice
hyperpigmentation (esp over pressure points)
xanthelasmas + xanthomatas
clubbing
hepatosplenomegaly

31
Q

what are complications of PBC

A

malasorption

hepatocellular cancer

32
Q

what are retroperitoneal structures

A 
duodenum (2nd/3rd/4th parts)
ascending + descending colon
pancreas
kidneys
ureters
aorta
IVC
33
Q

what are intraperitoneal structures

A 
stomach
duodenum (1st part)
jejunum
ileum
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
34
Q

what forms part of the mucosa of the GI tract

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

35
Q

what are the four layers of the GI tract

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa or adventitia

36
Q

what is in the submucosa of the GI tract

A

meissners (submucosal) plexus which is used for secretion and blood flow

37
Q

what is in the muscularis externa of the GI tract

A

aeurbachs (myenteric) plexus which is used for motility of the GI smooth muscle

38
Q

An elderly man complains of dysphagia, halitosis, regurgitation and cough

A

pharyngeal pouch

39
Q

a 75-year-old man who used to work in a foundry presents with progressive dyspnoea. A chest x-ray shows upper zone interstitial lymph nodes with ‘egg-shell’ calcification of the hilar lymph nodes

A

silicosis

40
Q

a 50-year-old farmer presents with recurrent episodes of dyspnoea, cough and fever. A chest x-ray taken during one of these episodes shows mid-zone fibrosis

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

41
Q

what is churg-strauss syndrome

A 
an ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) associated small-medium vessel vasculitis
lungs and kidneys are most affected
42
Q

what are features of churg-strauss syndrome

A

asthma
eosinophilia
sinusitis
pANCA positive (is most cases)

43
Q

what is kartageners syndrome associated with

A

bronchiestatsis
infertility
situs inversus (organs swap sides)

44
Q

what are features of granulomatosis with polyangitis (wegeners granulomatosis)

A

autoimmune condition
sinusitis, haemoptysis, haematuria
cANCA

45
Q

what do cANCA and pANCA indicate

A

cANCA indicates wegeners granulomatosis

pANCA indicates churg-strauss syndrome

46
Q

Alcoholic/diabetic, ‘red-currant jelly’ sputum is associated with which condition

A

klebsiella pnuemoniae pneumonia

47
Q

what can klebsiella pneumoniae cause

A

pneumonia and urinary tract infections

48
Q

who are klebsiella infections common in

A

alcoholics and diabetes

Respiratory (18 decks)

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