Respiratory Revision

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood

Question 2

Define the Nares

Answer 2

nostrils

Question 3

Define the Hard palate

Answer 3

hard roof of the mouth

Question 4

Define the oral cavity

Answer 4

the mouth

Question 5

Define the tongue

Answer 5

muscle in the oral cavity

Question 6

Define the nasopharynx

Answer 6

connects nose to the respiratory system

Question 7

Define soft palate

Answer 7

back of the mouth behind the hard palate

Question 8

Define the uvula

Answer 8

fleshy lump at back of mouth, prevents food/drink going up to the nose

Question 9

Define the Oropharynx

Answer 9

junction between nose and throat/ back of the throat

Question 10

Define the epiglottis

Answer 10

flap covering the trachea that prevents food from entering the respiratory system

Question 11

define the larynx

Answer 11

Voice box, contains vocal cords, carries air between trachea and oropharynx

Question 12

Define the thyroid cartilage

Answer 12

tough frontal protective layer of the larynx (also adams apple)

Question 13

Define cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

tough back layer of larynx

Question 14

define oesophagus

Answer 14

tube that carries food/drink from mouth to stomach

Question 15

define the trachea

Answer 15

windpipe, carries air from lungs through the larynx to the mouth and vice versa

Question 16

Difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract

Answer 16

Upper (head+mouth) and lower (lungs)

Question 17

Define the bronchi

Answer 17

two large tubes that carry air from the trachea to the lungs

Question 18

Define the bronchioles

Answer 18

smaller branches of airways connected to the bronchi

Question 19

Define the alveoli

Answer 19

tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles, the location where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in+out

Question 20

Outline the process of Pulmonary gas exchange

Answer 20

> Primary goal is the exchange of oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
Oxygen enters the lungs and reaches the alveoli
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs via the blood and reaches the alveoli
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are exchanged at the alveoli via diffusion at the capillary networks covering the alveoli
Oxygen enters the blood and is carried around the body, carbon dioxide enters the lungs and is exhaled

Question 21

Define Ventilation

Answer 21

the movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, inspiration and expiration

Question 22

Define diffusion

Answer 22

the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the blood’s RBC and the lungs

Question 23

Define perfusion

Answer 23

delivery of RBC to the lungs

Question 24

Define compliance

Answer 24

indication of how well the chest wall + lungs can expand and collapse. Poor compliance = increased difficulty inflating the lungs

Question 25

Define resistance

Answer 25

the size of the airway, resistance increases when the diameter of the airway decreases

Question 26

define V/O mismatch

Answer 26

issues with ventilation and perfusion can result in alteration of gas diffusion

Question 27

Define V/O mismatch with Ventilation/perfusion matching

Answer 27

Normal healthy breathing

Question 28

Define V/O mismatch with Ventilation/perfusion mismatching

Answer 28

one or more areas of the lungs receive oxygen but no blood flow, or blood flow with no oxygen

Question 29

Define V/O mismatch as a Shunt

Answer 29

when blood perfuses to the lungs but returns to systemic circulation without having been oxygenated due to alveoli damage/inhibition

Question 30

Define V/O mismatch as a dead space unit

Answer 30

representing the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange