Respiratory Regulations

Question 1

What controls respiration transitioning

Answer 1

PNEUMOTOXIC CENTER

Question 2

What Controls prolonged inspiration

Answer 2

APNEUSTIC CENTER

Question 3

What is the pacemaker of respiration (respiratory rate)

Answer 3

PROBOTEINGER COMPLEX

Question 4

Factors influencing Central Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

• PaCO2
• pH caused by CO2

Question 5

Factors influencing Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 5

• PaO2
• pH caused by metabolism
• PaCO2

Question 6

What are the peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 6

• Carotid bodies
• Aortic bodies

Question 7

Carotid bodies are innervated by

Answer 7

Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 8

Aortic bodies are innervated by

Answer 8

Cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)

Question 9

Where are respiratory stretch receptors located

Answer 9

• Visceral Pleura
• Bronchi & Bronchioles Smooth muscles

Question 10

What is the HERING BREURER REFLEX

Answer 10

Reflex stimulated by stretch receptors through vagus nerve to the medullary & pons respiratory centers to ultimately inhibit inspiration and begin expiration

Question 11

Juxtacapillary Receptors in the alveoli

Answer 11

• Stimulate Rapid and shallow Breathing

Question 12

RECEPTORS THAT CAN STIMULATE RESPIRATORY CENTERS

Answer 12

Central Chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Stretch receptors
Irritant receptors (eg sneeze)
Proprioreceptors (eg exercise)
Hypothalamus

Question 13

PONTINE RESPIRATORY CENTER consist of;

Answer 13

• APNEUSTIC CENTER
• PNEUMOTOXIC CENTER

Question 14

What are the primary muscle for inspiration

Answer 14

Diaphragm & external intercostals

Question 15

What are the primary muscle for expiration

Question 16

Which respiratory center in the brain stem is responsible for setting basic breathing rhythm

Answer 16

Medullary respiratory center