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Physiology 1 > Respiratory Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The diaphragm moves _____ during normal inspirations.

A

Down 1 cm

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2
Q

What are the four functional events of respiration? (4)

A
  1. Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation 2. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood 3. Transport of O2 and CO2 to and from tissues 4. Regulation of ventilation and respiration
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3
Q

What is the main site of airway resistance?

A

Medium-sized bronchi

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4
Q

What is the function of DPPC?

A

Opposes water self-attractant elastic force to reduce alveolar surface tension

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5
Q

What nerve transmits motor stimulation to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve (C-3, 4, 5)

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6
Q

What is the main purpose of ventilation?

A

To maintain an optimal composition of alveolar gas

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7
Q

What causes a decrease in lung compliance? (5)

A
  1. Higher or lower lung volumes
  2. High expansion pressures
  3. Venous congestion
  4. Alveolar edema
  5. Atelectasis and fibrosis
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8
Q

What nerves send signals to the external intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves (T 1-11)

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9
Q

Change in lung volumes are related to _____.

A

Transpulmonary pressure

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerve

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11
Q

What is dead space?

A

Ventilation but no perfusion

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12
Q

Want are the two parts of the pleural membrane?

A
  1. Visceral pleura 2. Parietal Pleura
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13
Q

What are the four primary goals of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Distribute air and bloodflow for gas exchange
  2. Provide oxygen to cells in body tissues
  3. Remove Co2 from the body
  4. Maintain constant homeostatis for metabolic needs
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14
Q

What is 2/3 of total elastic force in lung?

A

Surface Air-fluid interface

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15
Q

The lung is what percent of a person’s total body weight?

A

1.5%

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16
Q

What is the function of the scalene muscle during forced inspiration?

A

Elevates the first two ribs

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17
Q

What is the most important muscle of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

What is negative pressure ventilation?

A

The act of inhaling

19
Q

What are the two muscles involved in normal inspiration?

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. External intercostals
20
Q

What do the accessory muscles of inspiration assist with?

A

Forced inspiration during stress or excercise

21
Q

FRC= _____liters

A

2.5

22
Q

What does Poiseuille’s Law describe?

A

Resistance of flow through a tube

23
Q

FRC=_____+_____

A

ERV+RV

24
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

The volume of fresh air entering the alveoli each minute

25
Q

What muscle raises the sternum during forced inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

26
Q

What are three functions of surfactant?

A
  1. Lowers surface tension of alveoli and lung 2. Promotes stability of alveoli 3. Prevents transduction of fluid into alveoli
27
Q

What two lung volumes cannot be measured with spirometry?

A

FRC and TLC

28
Q

A capacity is always _____.

A

A sum of certain lung volumes

29
Q

What three factors determine airway resistance?

A
  1. Lung Volume 2. Bronchial smooth muscle 3. Density and viscosity of inspired gas
30
Q

Contraction of external intercostal muscles (EIM) does what to thorax diameter?

A

Increases in both lateral and anteroposterior directions

31
Q

Work of breathing is represented by what equation?

A

Work=pressure x volume

32
Q

What will happen to resistance if you decrease the radius of a tube by 16% and 50%?

A
  1. 16% will double the resistance
  2. 50% will increase resistance 16-fold
33
Q

What are surface tension elastic forces?

A

The net effect on the lung to simultaneously attempt to collapse the alveoli by water tension

34
Q

Does decreased lung volumes increase or decrease airway resistance?

A

Increase

35
Q

During contraction of the diaphragm, abdominal contents are forced _____ and _____ causing _____ in vertical dimension of chest cavity.

A
  1. Downward 2. Forward 3. Increase
36
Q

During contraction of the diaphragm, rib margins are _____ and _____ outward causing _____ in the transverse diameter of thorax.

A
  1. lifted 2. Moved 3. Increase
37
Q

Can spirometry measure RV?

A

No

38
Q

What is minute ventilations of total ventilation?

A

Total volume of air conducted into lungs per minute

39
Q

What does Poiseuille Law state?

A
  1. Pressure increases proportionally to flow rate and gas viscosity 2. Smaller airway radius and longer distances increase flow resistance
40
Q

What causes an increase in lung compliance?

A
  1. Age
  2. Emphysema secondary to alterations of elastic fibers
41
Q

What is the active phase of the breathing cycle?

A

Inspiration

42
Q

What muscles are involved in active expiration? What other actions cause them to contract? (3)

A
  1. a) Rectus abdominus/abdominal oblique b) Internal intercostals 2. a) Coughing b) Vomiting c) Defecation
43
Q

The pressure of fluid in the space between the lung pleura (visceria) and chest wall pleura (parietal) is always _____.

A

Negative

Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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