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Physiology 1 > CV Quiz 1 > Flashcards

CV Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the cardiovascular system? (5)

A
  1. Transport essential substances to the tissues
  2. Remove biproducts of metabolism
  3. Regulation of body temperature
  4. Humural communications throught the body
  5. Adjustments of oxygen and nutruent supply in different physiological states
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2
Q

Why is the heart considered 2 pumps?

A

It consists of the RV for pulomonary circulation and LV for systemtic circulation.

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3
Q

What parts of the heart cause unidirectional flow in the cardiovascular system?

A

Valves

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4
Q

What part of the circulation distributes blood to the tissues?

A

Arteries

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5
Q

What part of the circulation contains the majority of the total blood volume?

A

Veins

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6
Q

The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in what part of the circulation?

A

Arterioles

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7
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Exchange of nutrients

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8
Q

Is blood flow pulsatile or non-pulsatile in the capillaries?

A

Non-pulsatile

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9
Q

As the cross-sectional area of a vascular bed increases, the velocity of blood flow increases or decreases?

A

Decreases

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10
Q

What contributes to optimal conditions for capillary function?

A

Blood flow velocity is very slow, allowing for conditions that are ideal for gas exchange

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11
Q

What is the control of blood flow related to in the majority of the tissue beds in the body?

A

Tissue needs

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12
Q

Describe the boundaries of the mediastinum.

A

Divided into supperior and anterrior sections.

Supperior: above plane between sternal angle and inferrior border of t4 vertebral body

Inferrior: anterrior, middle and posterrior

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13
Q

In what part of the mediastinum is the heart located?

A

Inferrior middle

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14
Q

Name the different layers of the pericardium

A
  • Fibrous
  • Seroous
    • Pariatel layer
    • Visceral layer
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15
Q

What nerves travel across the pericardium to the diaphragm? From which nerve roots do these nerves originate?

A

a. Phrenic nerves
b. C3-C5 vertebrae

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16
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the heart?

A

T1-T4 “Cardiac accelerators”

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17
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the heart?

A

Vagus nerve

18
Q

What are the different parts of the conduction system?

A
  • Sinoatrial node
    • Interatrial condication pathways (SA to LA)
    • Internodal conduction pathways (SA to AV)
  • Atrioventricular node
    • Bundle of HIS
  • Bundle Branches
    • Left bundle branch
      • left anterrior diviision
      • Left posterrior division
    • Right bundle branch
19
Q

What structures are part of the right atrium?

A
  • Vena cava
  • Crista termanalis
  • Coronary Sinus
  • fossa ovalis
  • tricuspid valve
20
Q

What is the coronary sinus? What does it drain into?

A
  • It is the venous drainage system of the heart
  • It drains into the right atrium
21
Q

Describe the tricuspid valve apparatus. How many leaflets does the valve have?

A
  • Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
  • 3 leaflets
    • anterrior
    • posterrior
    • septal
22
Q

The tricuspid valve separates which cardiac chambers?

A

Right atrium and right venticle

23
Q

Describe the shape of the right ventricle in cross-section

A

Cresent shaped

24
Q

Describe the thickness of the walls of the RV in comparison to those of the LV.

A

RV is thin-walled compared to LV

25
Q

Which portion of the ventricle is common to both the RV and LV?

A

Septum

26
Q

Describe the shape of the left ventricle in cross-section.

A

Circular

27
Q

How many pulmonary veins are normally present? What cardiac chamber do they drain into?

A
  1. 4
  2. Left atrium
28
Q

Is pulmonary vein blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

Oxygenated

29
Q

In what left atrial structure may blood clots (thrombi) develop in the setting of atrial fibrillation?

A

Left atrial appendage

30
Q

What is the function of papillary muscles?

A

Muscle attached to A-V valves by the chordae tenineae. They prevent the valves from bulging too far backwards toward the atria during ventricular contraction.

31
Q

What cardiac valves have associated papillary muscles?

A
  • Mitral and trisuspid valves
32
Q

How many leaflets are found in a normal aortic valve?

A

3

33
Q

Where are the origins of the coronary arteries in relationship to the aortic valve?

A

The right and left main coronary arteries originate from the sinuses of valsalva which are dilatations of the ascending aorta just above the aortic valve

34
Q

How many leaflets are found in the mitral valve?

A

2

35
Q

How many leaflets are found in the pulmonic valve?

A

3

36
Q

Know between which major structures the 4 valves are located (for example: the aortic valve separates the LV and the aorta).

A
  1. Triscuspid valve- between RA and RV
  2. Pulmonic valve- between RV and Pulmonary Artery
  3. Mitral valve- between LA and RV
  4. Aortic valve- between LV and aorta
37
Q

Know the major branches of the coronary arteries.

A
  • Right coronary
    • In 85% of population RCA supplies the posterrior descending artery (PDA)
  • Left coronary (Left main)
    • Bifurcates to form:
      • Left anterrior desending (LAD)
        • Forms into diagnol branches
      • Left Circumflex
        • Forms into obsure marginals
      • Ramus intermedius (37%)
        • additiona branch in people who have trifurcation of left main
38
Q

What is the Ramus Intermedius?

A

Additional branch that trifurcates off of left main in 37% of individuals

39
Q

What determines dominance in regards to the coronary arteries?

A

The PDA determines coronary dominance in the following ways:

  1. If PDA is supplied by the RCA, then coronary artery circulation is right dominant
  2. If PDA is supplied by circumflex artery, branch of the LCA, then coronary circulation is left dominent
  3. If PDA is supplied by both RCA and CX, then coronary artery circulation is classified as co-dominant
40
Q

Know the coronary artery blood supply to the various portions of the LV.

A
  • LAD supplies:
    • apical inferrior and anterrior walls and septal wall of LV
  • Lcx supplies:
    • Mid/lateral posterrior walls of LV
  • PDA of RCA, and LCx
    • supplies the basal posterrior and inferrior walls of LV

Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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