Respiratory Pt. 1

Question 1

What are the functions of the Respiratory System?

Answer 1

1) Area for gas exchange
2) Movement of Air
3) Protection (Dehydration, Temp. changes, pathogens)
4) Sound production
5) Smell

Question 2

What does the nose consist of?

Answer 2

1) External Nares (nostrils)
2) Nasal Cavity
3) Internal Nares
4) Nasopharynx

Question 3

What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Air movement and flow

Question 4

What are features of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

1) Lined with mucus and cilia

2) Allows time for warming and humidifying - trapping pathogens

Question 5

What is the pharynx?

Answer 5

Chamber shared by digestive and respiratory

Question 6

What are the three divisions of the Pharynx?

Answer 6

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx

Question 7

What is the purpose of the pharynx?

Answer 7

Movement of air and food

Question 8

What is the larynx?

Answer 8

1) “Voice Box”

2) Air passes by the epiglottis and through the glottis into the larynx

Question 9

What are characteristics of the larynx?

Answer 9

Different sounds are the result of an arrangement of cartilages and folds as well as their thickness and length

Question 10

What is the purpose of the Trachea and its branches?

Answer 10

Purpose is the movement of air to the alveoli

Question 11

What is the trachea surrounded by?

Answer 11

Tracheal cartilages (c-shaped)

Question 12

How do the trachea end up at the alveoli?

Answer 12

1) Trachea splits into right and left primary bronchi
2) Bronchi continue to split inside the lungs, forming the bronchial tree
3) Eventually they end at the alveoli

Question 13

Where are the lungs?

Answer 13

Contained in the pleural cavities

Question 14

Why does the left lung only have two lobes unlike the right lung’s three?

Answer 14

B/c the left lung has the cardiac notch

Question 15

What characteristic does the lungs have?

Answer 15

Elastic to tolerate changes in volume

Question 16

What are the alveoli?

Answer 16

Gas exchange surfaces

Question 17

What does the shape of alveoli allow for?

Answer 17

Allows for massive exchange surface

Question 18

What are alveoli lined with and what effect does it have?

Answer 18

Alveoli are lined with surfactant

1) Surfactant forms a layer that reduces surface tension
2) Without oily layer, alveoli would collapse

Question 19

What are the three steps of Respiratory Physiology?

Answer 19

1) Pulmonary Ventilation
2) Gas Exchange
3) Gas Transport

Question 20

What is Pulmonary Ventilation?

Answer 20

Air moving into and out of the lungs

[Cycle of inspiration and expiration]

Question 21

What occurs during pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 21

1) Air travels down pressure gradient to fill and empty the lungs
2) Muscles like the diaphragm and intercostals control the size of the thoracic cavity

Question 22

What are the different modes of breathing?

Answer 22

1) Quiet Breathing

2) Forced Breathing

Question 23

What are characteristics of Quiet Breathing?

Answer 23

1) Inhalation via muscular contractions
a) Diaphragmatic [deep] breathing
b) Costal [shallow]
2) Passive Exhalation

Question 24

What are characteristics of Forced Breathing?

Answer 24

1) Active inhalation and exhalation

2) Requires accessory muscles

Question 25

What happens to pressure during inhalation?

Answer 25

Thoracic pressure decreases causing air to flow into the lungs
Po > Pi

Question 26

What happens to pressure during exhalation?

Answer 26

Pressure rises pushing air out the lungs

Po < Pi

Question 27

What is Vital Capacity?

Answer 27

Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 28

What is the Total Lung Capacity?

Answer 28

Vital Capacity + Residual Volume

Question 29

What is the Functional Residual Capacity?

Answer 29

Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume